Linguistic Development Research Paper Page 17
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376 THE PRELINGUISTIC PERIOD
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Sensori-Motor Stage:(0 ; 0 - 1 ; 6 ) Development of systems of movement and
perception. Child achieves notion of object permanence.
Concrete Operations Stage:(1 ; 6 - 12 ; 0 ) preconcept subperiod (1 ; 6 - 4 ; 0 )
The onset of symbolic representation. Child can now refer to past and future,
although most activity is in the here and now. Predominance of symbolic
play.
Intuitional Sub-Period:(4 ; 0 - 7 ; 0 ) Child relies on immediate perception to
solve various tasks. Begins to develop the concept of reversibility. Child
begins to be involved in social games.
Concrete Operations Sub-Period:(7 ; 0 - 12 ; 0 ) Child learns the notion of re-
versibility. Can solve tasks dealing with the conservation of mass, weight
and volume.
Formal Operations Period:(12 ; 0 - 16 ; 0 ) Child learns the ability to use ab-
stract thought. Can solve problems through reflection.
Taken from Ingram (1976)[Ing76]
Table 2: Piaget’s stages of cognitive development.
Prelinguistic communication through gestures and crying.
Holophrastic Stage Use of one word utterances.
Telegraphic Stage Child begins to use words in combinations. These increases
to point between 3 and 4 when most sentences become close to well formed,
simple sentences.
Early Complex Sentences The child begins to use complements on verbs and
some relative clauses. These early complex, however appear to be the result
of juxtaposition.
Complex Sentences Child acquires the transformational rules that embed one
sentence into another. Coordination of sentences decreases, v. the increase
of complex sentences.
Linguistic Intuitions Child can now reflect upon grammaticality of his speech
and arrive at linguistic intuitions.
Table 3: General stages of Linguistic development.
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The Prelinguistic Period
When spoken to, neonates will often open their eyes and gaze at the speaker, and after 3 days they
are able to recognize their mother’s voice. They then prefer the sound of their mother to that of a
female stranger. In the first few days of life, speech already elicits more activity in the left hemisphere
than in the right. With music the reverse is true. This pattern persists into adulthood, and suggests
that hemispheric specialization for processing different types of acoustical stimuli occurs before birth
and may be innate (although left handers are less hemispherically dominant than right handers.)
Young infants will suck faster in order to be able to hear sounds of recorded speech, in preference
to instrumental or rhythmical sounds. In short, babies are able to discriminate speech from other
sounds from the moment of birth. They pay close attention to speech and will listen to speech in
preference to other kinds of auditory stimulation.
By 2 days of age babies are able to discriminate between the vowel sounds of /a/ and /i /. It is
unlikely that different samples of speech seem all alike to a newborn. By 0 ; 1 infants are as able
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