Common Core Standard For English Language Arts Page 18

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Common Core State StandardS for engliSh language artS & literaCy in hiStory/SoCial StudieS, SCienCe, and teChniCal SubjeCtS
Vowels
Common graphemes (spellings) are listed in the following table for each of the vowel sounds. Note that the term
grapheme refers to a letter or letter combination that corresponds to one speech sound.
Figure 9: Vowel Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondences in English
Common Graphemes (Spellings)
Phoneme
Word Examples
for the Phoneme
*
/ē/
see, these, me, eat, key, happy, chief, either
ee, e_e, -e, ea, ey, -y, ie, ei
/ĭ/
sit, gym
i, y
/ā/
make, rain, play, great, baby, eight, vein, they
a_e, ai, ay, ea, -y, eigh, ei, ey
/ĕ/
bed, breath
e, ea
/ă/
cat
a
/ī/
time, pie, cry, right, rifle
i_e, ie, -y, igh, -i
/ŏ/
fox, swap, palm
o, wa, al
/ŭ/
cup, cover, flood, tough
u, o, oo, ou
/aw/
saw, pause, call, water, bought
aw, au, all, wa, ough
/ō.
vote, boat, toe, snow, open
o_e, oa, oe, ow, o-,
˘
/oo/
took, put, could
oo, u, ou
¯
/ū/ [oo]
moo, tube, blue, chew, suit, soup
oo, u_e, ue, ew, ui, ou
/y//ū/
use, few, cute
u, ew, u_e
/oi/
boil, boy
oi, oy
/ow/
out, cow
ou, ow
er
her, fur, sir
er, ur, ir
ar
cart
ar
or
sport
or
Graphemes in the word list are among the most common spellings, but the list does not include all possible graph-
*
emes for a given vowel. Many graphemes are more than one letter.
Phonological awareness
General Progression of Phonological Awareness Skills (PreK–1)
Word Awareness (Spoken Language)
Move a chip or marker to stand for each word in a spoken sentence.
The dog barks. (3)
The brown dog barks. (4)
The brown dog barks loudly. (5)
Rhyme Recognition during Word Play
Say “yes” if the words have the same last sounds (rhyme):
clock/dock (y)
red/said (y)
down/boy (n)
Repetition and Creation of Alliteration during Word Play
Nice, neat Nathan
Chewy, chunky chocolate

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