Macromolecule Chart

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MACROMOLECULE CHART
Elements
Monomers
Types and Examples
Functions
Main source of energy in living things.
Carbohydrate
Monosaccharide: glucose
 Glucose: short-term energy source
(Sugars and Starches) C, H, O
monosaccharide
Ratio:
s
Disaccharide: sucrose
 Glycogen: extra energy storage in animals
1:2:1
(table sugar)
 Starch: extra energy storage in plants
Polysaccharide: glycogen, starch
 Cellulose: cell structure in plants (cell wall)
Lipid
C, H, (O)
Glycerol + 3
Saturated: butter, lard
Long-term energy storage
(Fats, Oils,
Not in fixed
fatty acids
-solid at room temp.
Cholesterol, Waxes)
ratio
-all single bonds b/w carbons
-biological membranes
-water proof coverings
Unsaturated: oils
-liquids at room temp.
-double or triple bonds b/w
carbons
Protein
C, H, O, N
Amino acids
Enzymes
Enzymes – speed up chemical reactions,
-sucrase, lipase
Lower activation energy
Hemoglobin (in RBCs)
Many different types
Components of bones, muscles, hair, nails
Nucleic Acid
C,H, O, N, P nucleotides
DNA
Contain genetic information (heredity)
RNA

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