Anions And Cations Lab - Daphne Wood

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Daphne Wood
Honours Chemistry -- Separation and Qualitative Analysis of
Cations and Anions
Introduction
In this lab, one will be able to understand how to predict an unknown solution through a
chemical test. Generally, cations and anions are identified separately using chemical tests that
rely on differences in the solubility of materials, as shown in a Solubility Rules Table. One will
be able to find out the unknown ions by comparing the results given by the known ions. By
going through the chemical tests in this lab, one will be able to determine the identities of the
unknown ions. In this lab, one will be able to use the differences in solubility to separate and
identify cations and anions both in the known and the unknown solutions.
Pre-Lab Questions
1.) What is the primary objective of this lab, i.e., what are you trying to accomplish?
The primary objective of this lab is understanding how to predict an unknown solution through a
chemical test.
2.) What is a precipitate?
Precipitate is something that comes out of a solution. It is the solid product that is produced after
two aqueous compounds are mixed.
3.) In each qualitative activity, you will analyze “known” and “unknown” solutions.
a. Explain the difference between a “known” and an “unknown”
Known solutions are those when the chemical compounds recognized, or known.
b. Why do you need “known” solutions to perform the analysis?
We need to know the “known” solutions in order to predict the unknown solutions.
Data And Analysis:
Activity 1: Cation Analysis Table
Known Cation
Observations
Precipitate
Ag
+
White ppt
AgCl
Fe
3+
Brown ppt/insoluble
Fe(OH)
3
Cu
+
Solube
Cu(OH)
3
Ba
2+
Orange ppt
BaCr
O
2
7

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