Dna And Amino Acid Comparisons - Center Grove Schools
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3NAME: ________________________________________ Period: ______________Date:_______
DNA and Amino Acid Comparisons
Introduction: Mutation provides all initial change. A mutation occurs when the DNA does not replicate
perfectly. When a mutation occurs, a new allele is created. These mutations are random (can occur at any
location along the DNA). The rate of these mutations is relatively constant within a given species. If the
mutation occurs in a critical location the result is usually disastrous. Other areas will accept change with no
immediate consequence. Once made, the mutation is maintained in offspring and variability within the gene
pool of the species is increased. Mutations add variability to the gene pool!!!!
Examine the amino acid sequences below which compare corresponding portions of hemoglobin molecules
in humans and five other vertebrate animals. The sequence shown is only a small portion of the chain of 146
amino acids. The numbered columns indicate the position of each amino acid within the whole chain.
Procedure: 1.
Look
at
each
numbered
column
and
CIRCLE the
amino
acids
in
each
column
that
are
DIFFERENT
from
the
human
amino
acid
for
that
column.
2.
PUT an X
in
the
blank
under
each
numbered
column
in
which
all
of
the
organisms
have
the
same
amino
acid
listed
in
that
column.
3.
In
the
blanks
on
the
right
hand
side
of
each
row,
identify
how
many
amino
acids
were
circles
(different
from
the
human
amino
acids).
Table A: Comparing hemoglobin of a human to other vertebrates
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Human
THR
LEU
SER
GLU
LEU
HIS
CYS
ASP
LYS
LEU
HIS
VAL
ASP
PRO
GLU
Chimp
THR
LEU
SER
GLU
LEU
HIS
CYS
ASP
LYS
LEU
HIS
VAL
ASP
PRO
GLU
Gorilla
THR
LEU
SER
GLU
LEU
HIS
CYS
ASP
LYS
LEU
HIS
VAL
ASP
PRO
GLU
Rhesus
GLU
LEU
SER
GLU
LEU
HIS
CYS
ASP
LYS
LEU
HIS
VAL
ASP
PRO
GLU
Monkey
Horse
ALA
LEU
SER
GLU
LEU
HIS
CYS
ASP
LYS
LEU
HIS
VAL
ASP
PRO
GLU
Kangaroo
LYS
LEU
SER
GLU
LEU
HIS
CYS
ASP
LYS
LEU
HIS
VAL
ASP
PRO
GLU
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
Human
ASN
PHE
ARG
LEU
LEU
GLY
ASN
VAL
LEU
VAL
CYS
VAL
LEU
ALA
HIS
Chimp
ASN
PHE
ARG
LEU
LEU
GLY
ASN
VAL
LEU
VAL
CYS
VAL
LEU
ALA
HIS
Gorilla
ASN
PHE
LYS
LEU
LEU
GLY
ASN
VAL
LEU
VAL
CYS
VAL
LEU
ALA
HIS
Rhesus
ASN
PHE
LYS
LEU
LEU
GLY
ASN
VAL
LEU
VAL
CYS
VAL
LEU
ALA
HIS
Monkey
Horse
ASN
PHE
ARG
LEU
LEU
GLY
ASN
VAL
LEU
ALA
LEU
VAL
VAL
ALA
ARG
Kangaroo
ASN
PHE
LYS
LEU
LEU
GLY
ASN
ILE
ILE
VAL
ILE
CYS
LEU
ALA
GLU
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