Grammar and punctuation
The grammar of our first language is learnt naturally and implicitly through interactions with other speakers and from reading.
Explicit knowledge of grammar is, however, very important, as it gives us more conscious control and choice in our language.
Building this knowledge is best achieved through a focus on grammar within the teaching of reading, writing and speaking. Once
pupils have been introduced to a grammatical concept, they should be encouraged to apply their learning by using that grammar in
their own speech and writing and noting where it is used in the speech and writing of others. Young pupils, in particular, use more
complex language in speech than in writing, and teachers should build on this, aiming for a smooth transition to sophisticated
writing.
The table below focuses on Standard English and should be read in conjunction with the programme of study as it sets out
statutory requirements. The table shows when concepts should be introduced first, not necessarily when they should be completely
understood. It is very important, therefore, that the content in earlier years be revisited in subsequent years to consolidate
knowledge and build on pupils’ understanding. Teachers should also go beyond the content set out here if they feel it is
appropriate.
The grammatical terms that pupils should learn are set out in the final column. They should learn to recognise and use the
terminology through discussion and practice. All terms in bold should be understood with the meanings set out in the glossary.
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