Name: __________________________ Period: ____
TOC:___
Macromolecules in Cells Notes
Carbohydrates
● Functions in cells
○ Monosaccharides serve as __________________________________________
■ Carbohydrates are carried to the _______________________ in cells to be
___________________________________________
○ Polysaccharides can serve as energy storage
■ __________________ is a __________________ polysaccharide in animals
● Humans and other vertebrates store glycogen mainly in _____________
_______________________________________
■ ________________ , a storage polysaccharide of _______________ , consists
entirely of glucose monomers
● Plants store surplus starch as granules within _______________ and
other plastids
○ Extra carbohydrates can be converted into ______________. In lipid form, we can
________________________________________
○ Extra carbohydrates can also be converted into ______________________________
○ Raw material for building molecules
■ Extra carbohydrates can also be converted into ________________________ to
____________________________________________________________
■ The polysaccharide cellulose is a major component of the __________________
____________________________________________________
Lipids
● Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules
○ The most biologically important lipids are fats, phospholipids, and steroids
● Fats
○ Fats are constructed from two types of smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty acids
○ __________________________ fatty acids have the maximum number of hydrogen
atoms possible and _____________________________________________
○ ______________________ fatty acids have __________________________________
● Functions of Lipids in cells
○ Fats
■ The major function of fats is __________________________________________
■ Humans and other mammals store their fat in ____________________________
● Adipose tissue also _______________ vital organs and _____________
the body
○ Phospholipids
■ Phospholipids are the major component of all ____________________________
■ Phospholipids (can also be formed from excess carbs) can be exported to the
cell membranes, and all the organelles that require phospholipids, like the _____
________________________________________________________________
○ Steroids
■ Steroids are lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused
rings
■ ___________________ , an important steroid, is a component in __________
_______________________________________________