Name: ____________________
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Refining a Research Question
It is not unusual to have to further refine your research question. This usually happens after you’ve done some initial
research and have a little more background knowledge about your subject. Refining your research question can be a
very important aspect – if your research question is too broad, it will be difficult to cover the topic in your research
paper. As well, if your research topic is too narrow, it will be difficult to find enough research material and write an
adequately in-depth paper.
In essence, refining a research question requires you to ask yourself questions about your topic and what you want to
know. For example, if you’re doing a paper on early American history, you might ask yourself these types of questions:
*Exactly which time period do I want to research? Colonial or post-colonial? Do I want to study the history of America
before European colonists arrived?
*Which geographical area do I want to study? Do I want to study a particular state or a particular region, like the south
or Midwest?
*Do I want to study a particular event, such as the first time indentured servants were brought to the colonies? Or the
hostilities between Native Americans and the European colonists? Or the fur trade along the Mississippi river?
After answering these types of questions I could create a refined topic. For example, I could take “early American
history” and come up with this topic: “The impact of the French and Indian War on the interactions between the
Iroquois and the Algonquin Indian tribes.”
As the example illustrates, you can take a very broad topic (early American history) and narrow it down to a manageable
size for a typical college-level research paper.
Directions: For the topic you’ve chosen, answer the following questions to narrow it to a final question or topic
statement.
1. State your general topic:
2. What time period do you want to study?
3. Is there a particular geographic area you want to study?
4. Is there a particular type of material you want to use in your research? (For example, newspapers, diaries,
original music, etc.)
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Based upon An Educator’s Guide to Information Literacy: What Every High School Senior Needs to Know. Westport, CT: Libraries
Unlimited, 2007.
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