Biology 103 Study Guide Questions For Midterm 3

Study   G uide   Q uestions   f or   M idterm   3  

Chapter   7 -­‐8  

BIOL   1 03  

 

Chapter   7 :   V itamins  

1.

Name   t he   f at-­‐soluble   v itamins.   N ame   t he   w ater-­‐soluble   v itamins.  

2.

How   d oes   f at-­‐soluble   a nd   w ater   s oluble   v itamins   t ravel   i n   o ur   b ody?   H ow   a re   t hey   s tored?  

3.

What   f actors   d etermine   a mounts   o f   v itamins   i n   t he   f ood   s ource?  

4.

What   i s   t he   d ifference   b etween   e nrichment   a nd   f ortification?  

5.

What   i s   a   p rovitamin?   G ive   a n   e xample.   W hich   v itamins   h ave   w e   d iscussed   i n   c lass/textbook  

have   p rovitamins?  

6.

List   a ll   t he   a ctive   f orms   o f   v itamin   A .   W hat   a re   t he   a ctive   f orms   c ollectively   c alled?   W hat   a re  

some   f unctions   s pecific   t o   e ach   a ctive   f orms   o f   v itamin   A ?   W hich   o ne   i s   t he   m ain,  

physiologically   a ctive   f orm   o f   v itamin   A ?  

7.

What   i s   t he   d ifference   b etween   r etinoids   a nd   c arotenoids?  

8.

For   a ll   t he   v itamins   m entioned   i n   c lass   a nd   t extbook,   m ake   a   c hart   t hat   l ists   e ach   v itamin’s  

function,   s ymptoms/diseases   d ue   t o   d eficiency   a nd/or   t oxicity,   f ood   s ources,   a nd   a ctive  

forms.  

9.

What   i s   a   c oenzyme?   G ive   m e   e xamples   o f   c oenzymes   t hat   p articipate   i n   e nergy   m etabolism.  

10. Which   v itamin(s),   i f   t aken   t oo   m uch,   m ay   b e   t eratogens?    

11. Which   v itamin(s),   h ave   r oles   i n   a ntioxidant   a ctivities?  

12. Which   v itamin(s)/minerals   h ave   r ole   i n   r educing   r isk   f or   h eart   d isease   v ia   l owering  

homocysteine   l evels?  

13. Which   v itamin(s)   a nd   m inerals   h ave   r oles   i n   b one   h ealth?  

14. Which   v itamin(s)   r equires   i ntrinsic   f actor   i n   o rder   t o   a bsorb?  

15. Which   v itamin(s)   a nd/or   m inerals   a re   a ssociated   t o   p ernicious   a nemia,   m icrocytic  

hypochromic   a nemia,   a nd   m egaloblastic   a nemia?  

16. Vitamins   a nd   m inerals   c an   c ompete   t o   w orsen   o ne’s   d eficiency.   E xplain   h ow   t his   i s   s o   w ith  

Pellagra.   W hich   v itamins/minerals   a re   i nvolved?    

17. What   a re   b ogus   v itamins?  

Chapter   8 :   W ater   a nd   M inerals  

1.

What   a re   e lectrolytes?   H ow   a re   a nions   a nd   c ations   f ormed?   G ive   t wo   e xample   o f   e ach.  

2.

What   a re   f unctions   o f   w ater?  

3.

What   a re   w ays   w e   e xcrete   w ater?   W hat   a re   f actors   t hat   c an   c ontribute   t o   w ater   l osses?    

4.

How   d oes   o ur   b ody   b alance   w ater?    

5.

Explain   h ow   k idneys   c onserve   w ater.   H ow   d oes   d iuretics   i ncrease   w ater   l oss?  

6.

Explain   d ehydration.   E xplain   w ater   i ntoxication.  

7.

What   i s   t he   d ifference   b etween   m acrominerals   a nd   m icrominerals?   W hich   o nes   a re  

macrominerals?   W hich   o nes   a re   m icrominerals?  

8.

Which   f actors   l imit   m ineral   a bsorption?  

9.

For   a ll   t he   m inerals,   m ake   a   c hart   t hat   l ists   e ach   m ineral’s   n ame,   f unction,  

symptoms/diseases   d ue   t o   d eficiency   a nd/or   t oxicity,   f ood   s ources.  

10. How   i s   b lood   c alcium   r egulated   –   d escribe   t he   p athway.   N ame   t he   h ormones,   v itamin(s),  

minerals   i nvolved   a s   w ell   a s   h ow   t hey   a ffect   y our   s mall   i ntestine,   b ones,   a nd   k idney.    

11. What   i s   t he   d ifference   b etween   h emoglobin   a nd   m yoglobin?  

12. What   i s   t he   d ifference   b etween   h eme-­‐iron   a nd   n on-­‐heme   i ron?  

13. Which   m ineral(s)   a nd   v itamin(s)   d o   o xalates   a nd   p hytates   b ind   t o?   W hat   i s   t he  

consequence?  

14. How   d oes   i ron   t ransport   a nd   s tore   i n   y our   b ody?  

15. What   i s   a   g oiter?   H ow   d o   i odine   d eficiency   a nd   t oxicity   b oth   l ead   t o   g oiters?  

16. How   i s   s elenium   a nd   i odine   r elated?  

17.   ( Challenge   Q uestion)   L ist   v itamin/mineral,   m ineral/mineral   i nteractions   t hat   e nhance  

and/or   i nhibit   a bsorption   o f   o ther   v itamins/minerals.