Biology Unit 5 - Reproduction: Mitosis And Meiosis
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Biology Unit 5 – Reproduction: Mitosis & Meiosis
Essential Skills
5-1.
Students will be able to identify the purpose of mitosis, the types of cells it occurs in and describe how the chromosomes
behave through each phase (including the number of chromosomes present at the beginning and end of the process). (HS-
LS1-4)
5-2.
Students will be able to identify the purpose of meiosis, the types of cells it occurs in and describe how the chromosomes
behave through each phase (including the number of chromosomes present at the beginning and end of the process). (HS-
LS3-1 & 2)
5-3.
Students will know how independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis will contribute to genetic variation.
(HS-LS3-2)
5-4.
Students will able to explain, using examples, that cells containing the same genetic information have the ability to
differentiate into many specialized cells. (HS-LS1-4)
Study Guide Questions
1.
a. What is the function of DNA?
Has the information for making proteins
b. What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?
Chromatin – unorganized DNA
Chromosomes – long organized strands of DNA
2.
Identify the names of A-D. Define each of theses terms:
a) Chromosome – condensed structures of DNA strands
b) Centomere – attaches the two sister chromatids
c) Chromatids – Identical copies of the DNA
d) Homologous chromosomes – chromosomes which contain the same gene
sequence, but are not identical (one came from mom, the other from dad)
3.
a. Explain the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes.
Autosomes = normal chromosomes
Sex chromosomes = determine gender
b. What sex chromosomes determine male? Female?
Male = XY Female = XX
4.
a. Use the karyotype below to determine the number of autosomes, number of sex chromosomes, the gender of this
individual and the total number of chromosomes in a human cell.
Autosomes= 44 sex chromosomes = 2 gender = male total
#= 46
b. Why are there two of each chromosome?
One from Mom and one
from Dad
c. Where did they come from?
Mom and Dad
5.
A karyotype shows an individual with 45 autosomes and two X chromosomes. What can you determine from this karyotype?
Has one extra autosome (abnormal) and is a female
6.
Explain the difference between somatic cells and gametes, using the terms haploid and diploid.
Somatic cells are diploid and gametes are all haploid
Why is a cell’s life described as a “cycle”? Draw & label a diagram showing the cell cycle and its 5 phases.
7.
It begins in G1 and then goes through the 5 phases and after it complete cytokinesis the two new cells are right back in G1
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