Temperature Equivalent Chart For Orton Pyrometric Cones

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Temperature Equivalent Chart for Orton Pyrometric Cones (°C)
Cone Numbers 022-14
Pyrometric cones have been used to
temperature. The temperature will be
Self Supporting Cones
Large Cones
Small
monitor ceramic firings for more than 100
higher for faster heating rates and
Regular
Iron Free
Regular
Iron Free
Regular
years. They are useful in determining
lower for slower heating rates.
Heating Rate ˚C/hour (last 100˚C of firing)
when a firing is complete, if the kiln
15
60
150
15
60
150
60
150
60
150
300
provided enough heat, if there was a
Cone
Cone bending may also be affected by
586
590
N/A
N/A
630
temperature difference in the kiln or if a
reducing atmospheres or those containing
022
021
600
617
N/A
N/A
643
problem occurred during the firing.
sulfur oxides. Orton recommends the use
020
626
638
N/A
N/A
666
of Iron-Free cones for all reduction
019
656
678
695
676
693
723
Cones are made from carefully controlled
firings (cones 010-3). If a cone is heated
018
686
715
734
712
732
752
compositions. They bend in a repeatable
too fast, the cone surface fuses and
017
705
738
763
736
761
784
manner (over a relatively small
binders used to make cones form gases
016
742
772
796
769
794
825
temperature range - usually less than 40°
that bloat the cone. If cones are to be
015
750
791
818
788
816
843
F). The final bending position is an
fired rapidly, they should be calcined
014
757
807
838
807
836
870
807
861
837
859
880
013
837
indication of how much heat was
(pre-fired) before use. Cones should be
843
861
882
858
880
900
012
calcined to about 850°F (455°C) in an air
absorbed.
011
857
875
894
873
892
915
atmosphere.
010
891
903
915
871
886
893
898
913
884
891
919
Behavior of Pyrometric Cones
09
907
920
930
899
919
928
917
928
917
926
955
If a cone is soaked at a temperature near
08
922
942
956
924
946
957
942
954
945
955
983
Typically, it takes 15 to 25 minutes for a
its equivalent temperature, it will
07
962
976
987
953
971
982
973
985
970
980
1008
cone to bend once it starts. This depends
continue to mature, form glass and bend.
06
981
998
1013
969
991
998
995
1011
991
996
1023
on the cone number. The cone bends
05½
1004
1015
1025
990
1012
1021
1012
1023
1011
1020
1043
The time for the cone to bend depends
05
1021
1031
1044
1013
1037
1046
1030
1046
1032
1044
1062
slowly at first but once it reaches the
on several factors and as a general rule, a
1046
1063
1077
1043
1061
1069
1060
1070
1060
1067
1098
04
half way point (3 o’clock), it bends
1 to 2 hour soak is sufficient to deform
1071
1086
1104
1066
1088
1093
1086
1101
1087
1091
1131
03
quickly. When the cone tip reaches a
the next higher cone number. A soak of 4
02
1078
1102
1122
1084
1105
1115
1101
1120
1102
1113
1148
point level with the base, it is considered
to 6 hours will be required to deform two
01
1093
1119
1138
1101
1123
1134
1117
1137
1122
1132
1178
properly fired. This is the point for which
higher (hotter) cones.
1
1109
1137
1154
1119
1139
1148
1136
1154
1137
1146
1184
temperature equivalents are determined.
2
1112
1142
1164
1142
1162
1190
Differences between a cone touching the
3
1115
1152
1170
1130
1154
1162
1152
1168
1151
1160
1196
4
1141
1162
1183
1160
1181
1209
for more information on pyrometric cones, contact
shelf and a cone at the 4 o’clock position
5
1159
1186
1207
1184
1205
1221
are small, usually 1 or 2 degrees.
Orton or visit us at
1167
1203
1225
N/A
N/A
N/A
1185
1222
1243
1220
1241
1255
6
Temperatures shown on the charts were
7
1201
1239
1257
1237
1255
1264
determined under controlled firing
8
1211
1249
1271
1247
1269
1300
conditions in electric kilns and an air
9
1224
1260
1280
1257
1278
1317
atmosphere. Temperatures are shown
10
1251
1285
1305
1282
1303
1330
The Edward Orton Jr. Ceramic Foundation
P .O. Box 2760 • Westerville, OH 43086-2760
11
1272
1294
1315
1293
1312
1336
for specific heating rates. These
(614) 895-2663 • (614) 895-5610 fax
12
1285
1306
1326
1304
1324
1355
heating rates are for the last 100°C or
13
N/A
1310
1331
1348
1321*
1346*
180°F of the firing. Different heating
14
1365
1384
1388*
1366*
N/A
1351
rates will change the equivalent
These tables provide a guide for the selection of cones. The actual bending temperature depends on firing conditions. Once the appropriate cones are selected, excellent, reproducible results can
be expected. Temperatures shown are for specific mounted height above base. For Self Supporting - 1¾”; for Large - 2”; for Small -
/
”. For Large Cones mounted at 1¾” height, use Self
15
16
Supporting temperatures.
* These Large Cones have different compositions and different temperature equivalents.

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