How Cells Make Protein: Translation - Biology Worksheet (Page 2 of 8) in pdf

How Cells Make Protein: Translation - Biology Worksheet Page 2

5. T

Ala= alanine

Gln = glutamine

Leu= leucine

Ser=serine

ENETIC

ODE AND

Arg= arginine

Glu= glutamate

Lys= lysine

Thr=threonine

ROTEIN

YNTHESIS

Asn= asparagine

Gly = glycine

Met = methionine

Trp= tryptophan

Asp= aspartate

His= histidine

Phe= phenylalanine

Tyr = tyrosine

Cys= cysteine

Ile= isoleucine

Pro= proline

Val= valine

The central dogma of molecular genetics is DNA makes RNA makes protein . As we've seen, how this happens

involves some complicated cellular machinery, but figuring out what protein will be made from DNA or RNA is easy. It

involves reading a “genetic code dictionary.”

The dictionary is always based around RNA and its four bases A, U, C, and G. Two versions are shown below. In

either case, you always start by breaking the RNA into codons (groups of 3 bases).

Standard, Tabular Dictionary

Circular Dictionary

Find the 1

base on the left, the second base on top,

Find the 1

base in the center, the second in the

and the 3

base on the right.

middle ring, and the last in the outermost ring.

Example:

Problem 1

Translate the following mRNA into protein.

mRNA:

AUG CCC AAA GGG UUU UAG

Amino

mRNA:

AUG CGU UUC GGU UAC UGA

Amino

MET ARG PHE GLY TYR STOP

acids

Problem 2: Transcribe the DNA into RNA, then

Problem 3: same instructions as problem 2

translate the RNA (advice: Use lines to divide the

bases into triplets)

DNA

TACAGCCTCGACAAG

TACGCAAAGCCAATGACT

DNA

mRNA:

Amino

acids

Problem 4: Figure out which RNA and DNA would code

Problem 5: Figure out the DNA and amino acids from

for the following sequence of amino acids (multiple

the following mRNA

DNA

answers are possible)

DNA

CUCAAGUGCUUC

mRNA:

Amino

GLY ASN VAL LEU CYS VAL

acids

Page 2 of 8

How Cells Make Protein: Translation - Biology Worksheet Page 2

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