Phonics Terminology Chart

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PHONICS TERMINOLOGY
Phoneme
‘Pure sounds’
phoneme
A
is the smallest unit of sound in a word we call theses
Grapheme
Letter(s) representing a phoneme
t
ai
igh
Digraph
Two letters, which make one sound
Consonant digraph
A consonant digraph contains two consonants
sh
ck
th
ll
Vowel digraph
A vowel digraph contains at least one vowel
ai
ee
ar
oy
Trigraph
Three letters, which make one sound
igh
dge
Quadgraph
Four letters, which make one sound
eigh
ough
Split digraph
A digraph in which the two letters are not adjacent (e.g. make)
CVC words
It is the phonemes not the letters.
Any word which has a consonant phoneme/digraph, vowel phoneme/digraph and consonant
phoneme/digraph.
Cat shed chick chain tail
Adjacent consonants
Sp sl bl cl fl tr dr spr spl nk lk nt lt
CCVC
Words which have 2 consonant phonemes, vowel phonemes/digraphs and consonant
phoneme/digraph.
Black flip snail train
CVCC
Words like -
felt bent chink sink
CCCVC
Words like –
Strong string spleen
CCVCC
Words like –
Blank spank spent
Enunciation
Is the pronunciation of phonemes correctly.
Most consonants should be pronounced in a continuous manner – mmmmmmmm ssssssss
zzzzzzz llllllllllll nnnnnnn ffff rrrrrrr vvvvvvv
Some cannot be said like this – c t p b d g h j k x
Wwwwww and yyyyy should be tried
Explaining to children
We agreed as a staff team that we would always try and explain to children how to
produce the different phoneme sounds. Considering what our mouths, tongues and
where the sound is being produced. We also discussed that we would start to
explain the sounds as:
Long and stretchy
Short and bouncy
Consonant digraphs
Vowel digraphs
Sh ch th qu wh
a
a-e
ai
ay
ey
eigh
Ll ss zz ff
e
e-e
ea
ee
y
ck ng qu x
i
i-e
ie
igh
y
o
o-e
oa
oe
ow
u
u-e
ue
oo
ew
oo
u
oul
ow
ou
ough
oi
oy
ar
a
or
aw
ore
a
ough
air
are
ear
eer
ear

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