Software Project Management Brochure Template Page 3
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29Software Project Management
3
Computer, IEEE Software, and Communications of the ACM, during the
last decade;
•
their importance as identified by relevant committees, associations, and
consortia of software developers (see, for example, [26]).
The chapter does not address the economic aspects of software project
management, such as budgeting, negotiating, outsourcing, and contracts. The
goal is to consider some of the important managerial issues specific to software
development, not those that appear in other kinds of development projects as
well.
Software Development Process
One of the primary duties of the manager of a software development project is to
ensure that all of the project activities follow a certain predefined process, i.e.
that the activities are organized as a series of actions conducing to a desirable
end [33]. The activities are usually organized in distinct phases, and the process
specifies what artifacts should be developed and delivered in each phase. For a
software development team, conforming to a certain process means complying
with an appropriate order of actions or operations. For the project manager, the
process provides means for control and guidance of the individual team
members and the team as a whole, as it offers criteria for tracing and evaluation
of the project's deliverables and activities.
Software development process encompasses many different tasks, such as
domain analysis and development planning, requirements specification, software
design, implementation and testing, as well as software maintenance. Hence it is
no surprise at all that a number of software development processes exist.
Generally, processes vary with the project’s goals (such as time to market,
minimum cost, higher quality and customer satisfaction), available resources
(e.g., the company’s size, the number, knowledge, and experience of people --
both engineers and support personnel -- and hardware resources), and
application domain.
However, every software developer and manager should note that processes
are very important. It is absolutely necessary to follow a certain predefined
process in software development. It helps developers understand, evaluate,
control, learn, communicate, improve, predict, and certify their work. Since
processes vary with the project's size, goals, and resources, as well as the level at
which they are applied (e.g., the organization level, the team level, or the
individual level), it is always important to define, measure, analyze, assess,
compare, document, and change different processes.
There are several well-known examples of software development processes.
Each process relies on a certain model of software development. The first well-
established and well-documented software development process has followed
the waterfall model. One of its variants is shown in Figure 2. The model assumes
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