Commonly Abused Drugs Chart - National Institute On Drug Abuse - 2018 Page 22
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30Possible Health Effects
Short-term
Pain relief, drowsiness, nausea, constipation, euphoria, slowed breathing, death.
Long-term
Increased risk of overdose or abuse if misused.
Other Health-related
Pregnancy: Miscarriage, low birth weight, neonatal abstinence syndrome.
Issues
Older adults: higher risk of accidental misuse or abuse because many older adults have
multiple prescriptions, increasing the risk of drug-drug interactions, and breakdown of drugs
slows with age; also, many older adults are treated with prescription medications for pain.
Risk of HIV, hepatitis, and other infectious diseases from shared needles.
In Combination with
Dangerous slowing of heart rate and breathing leading to coma or death.
Alcohol
Withdrawal
Restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes with goose
Symptoms
bumps ("cold turkey"), leg movements.
Treatment Options
•
Medications
Methadone
•
Buprenorphine
•
Naltrexone (short- and long-acting)
Behavioral Therapies
The same behavioral therapies that have helped treat addiction to heroin are used to treat
prescription opioid addiction.
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Page 22 of 30
Commonly Abused Drugs
January 2018
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