Atoms And Elements Worksheet
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18UNIT (2)
ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
2.1 Elements
An element is a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means
into simpler substances.
Each element is represented by an abbreviation called the symbol of the element. The
first letter in the symbol of the element is always capitalized, however the second letter
(if present), is never capitalized.
The following table lists the names and symbols of some common elements.
You are expected to learn the name and the symbol of these elements:
Element
Symbol
Element
Symbol
Element
Symbol
Aluminum Al
Gold
Au
Nitrogen
N
Argon
Ar
Helium
He
Oxygen
O
Barium
Ba
Hydrogen
H
Phosphorous P
Boron
B
Iodine
I
Potassium
K
Bromine
Br
Iron
Fe
Silicon
Si
Calcium
Ca
Lead
Pb
Silver
Ag
Carbon
C
Lithium
Li
Sodium
Na
Chlorine
Cl
Magnesium
Mg
Strontium
Sr
Chromium Cr
Manganese
Mn
Sulfur
S
Cobalt
Co
Mercury
Hg
Tin
Sn
Copper
Cu
Neon
Ne
Xenon
Xe
Fluorine
F
Nickel
Ni
Zinc
Zn
2.2 The Periodic Law and the Periodic Table
The periodic law states that the properties of elements exhibit a repeating pattern when
arranged according to increasing atomic number.
Periodic table:
A chart of the elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
The elements are arranged in rows (periods) that create vertical columns of elements
(group) that exhibit similar chemical properties.
A box differentiates each element and contains its atomic number, atomic symbol, and
atomic mass. For example, locate nitrogen on the periodic table. You will find it in the
second horizontal row and fifth vertical column; it is therefore a second period, group VA
element. The symbol for nitrogen is (N), the atomic number is 7 and the atomic mass is
14.01 amu. (We will see more on atomic number and atomic mass shortly).
2-1
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