LINES AND SLOPES
Summary
1. Elements of a line equation . .................................................................................................... 1
2. How to obtain a straight line equation ................................................................................... 2
3. Microeconomic applications ................................................................................................... 3
3.1.
Demand curve ................................................................................................................. 3
3.2.
Elasticity problems .......................................................................................................... 7
4. Exercises .................................................................................................................................. 9
Required concepts for the courses : Micro‐economic analysis, Managerial
economy.
A line is a function that can be written in the following form:
In particular: graphically, a line is a function whose inclination constant at all
points.
1. Elements of a line equation
The slope, represented by the letter m, measures the inclination of the line. It
corresponds to the variation of the value of y when x increases by one unit.
Graphically, it represents the vertical variation of the line for a horizontal move
of one positive unit.
,
,
If the line passes by the points
and
), the slope is obtained by the
relation
∆
∆
The Y‐intercept, represented by the letter , is the value of when is zero. It is
the position of the line when it crosses the y‐axis.