Pre-Caculus Grade 12 Formula Cheat Sheet

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P
-C
G
12 F
P
RE
ALCULUS
RADE
ORMULA
AGE
The following information may be useful when writing this examination.
Trigonometry
Algebra
a = r θ
−b ± b
− 4ac
2
+ bx + c = 0 , x =
2
For ax
2a
1
1
csc θ =
sec θ =
sin θ
cos θ
Logarithms
sin θ
1
cot θ =
tan θ =
tan θ
cos θ
In chemistry, the pH scale measures the
acidity (0 < 7), alkalinity (7 > 14), and neutrality
cos θ
(7) of a solution. It is a logarithmic scale in
cot θ =
sin θ
base 10. Thus, a solution of pH of 9 is 10 times
more alkaline than a solution of pH of 8.
θ + cos
θ = 1
2
2
sin
pH Scale
increasing
increasing
θ + 1 = sec
θ
2
2
tan
acidity
alkalinity
1 + cot
θ = csc
θ
2
2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
(
)
sin α + β
= sin α cos β + cos α sin β
neutral water
(
)
sin α − β
= sin α cos β − cos α sin β
Permutations and Combinations
(
)
cos α + β
= cos α cos β − sin α sin β
n!
=
P
(
)
n − r
n
r
!
(
)
cos α − β
= cos α cos β + sin α sin β
( )
n!
n
=
=
C
(
)
r ! n − r
n
r
r
!
tan α + tan β
(
)
tan α + β
=
1 − tan α tan β
In the expansion of a + b
(
)
n
,
the general term is
tan α − tan β
(
)
tan α − β
=
1 + tan α tan β
=
n
k
k
t
C
a
b
+1
k
n
k
sin 2 θ = 2 sin θ cos θ
cos 2 θ = cos
θ − sin
θ
2
2
= 2 cos
θ − 1
2
= 1 − 2 sin
θ
2
2 tan θ
tan 2 θ =
θ
1 − tan
2
Pre-Caculus 12 – Formula Page
Page 1

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