Periodic Table Of Elements Cheat Sheet
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6Periodic Table of Elements
Clue
Name
Hydrogen
H
1
1
The lightest element, contains only a single proton, can lose or
gain only 1 electron
Helium
He
2
4
The lightest noble gas, filled outer shell with only two
electrons, named for the Greek word for sun because first
discovered in spectral analysis of sunlight
Lithium
Li
3
7
Active alkali metal from Group I with three protons, forms 1
+
ions in a salt
Beryllium
Be
4
9
Alkaline earth metal with four protons used in forming strong
lightweight alloys with copper
Boron
B
5
11
Metalloid in Group III combines with silicates to form heat
resistant glassware, forms acid used in eardrops and as a
pesticide
Carbon
C
6
12
Basis for all organic chemicals, essential for life as we know it
on earth, element with four outershell electrons that undergo
sp
3
hybridization to form four bonding orbitals with tetrahedral
structure
Silicon
Si
14
28
The second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust; a
metalloid with four outer shell electrons used in solar cells,
microprocessor chips, and ceramics
Germanium
Ge
32
73
Group IV metalloid used in doping computer chips and
transistors
Nitrogen
N
7
14
Most abundant element in the Earth’s atmosphere, an element
that is relatively nonreactive at normal temperatures, essential
for protein formation in living tissues
Phosphorus
P
15
31
Group V element with three allotropes: white that reacts with
air at 30
o
C and red that is less active; element that is essential
to strong root development in plants; element used in
fertilizers, explosives, and detergents
Arsenic
As
33
75
Poisonous Group V metalloid used in making semiconductors
and in pesticides
Oxygen
O
8
16
Most abundant element on Earth making up 48% of the Earth’s
crust, atmosphere, and surface water; highly reactive element
that supports combustion with many other substances; essential
for respiration in most living organisms; ozone is a common
allotrope; six outer shell electrons cause it to form 2
ions
Sulfur
S
16
32
Common Group VI element with 3 different allotropic forms,
widely used in industry as a component of sulfuric acid, used
as a dehydrating agent in paints and plastics
Selenium
Se
34
79
Metalloid in Group VI used in making photocells
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