Chapter 12 - Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry And Infrared Spectroscopy Page 14

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Effect of rotational frequencies
Rotational frequencies of the whole molecule are not infrared
active
However, they often couple with the stretching and bending
vibrations in the molecule to give additional fine structures to
these vibrations.
One of the reasons a band is broad rather than sharp in the IR
spectrum is rotational coupling.
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