Disparities In Stem Employment By Sex, Race, And Hispanic Origin - American Community Survey Reports (U.s. Census Bureau) Page 2

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HIGHLIGHTS
has increased significantly from
is carried out by the Standard
3 percent in 1970 to 15 percent
Occupational Classification
• Women’s representation in STEM
in 2011, Hispanics were 7 per-
Policy Committee (SOCPC), which
occupations has increased since
cent of the STEM workforce in
included representatives of nine
the 1970s, but they remain
2011.
federal agencies for the 2010 revi-
significantly underrepresented in
sion. The SOC primarily classifies
engineering and computer occu-
CLASSIFICATION
workers based on the type of work
pations, occupations that make
performed, rather than the educa-
Occupational Classification
up more than 80 percent of all
tion or training required.
Census
8
STEM employment. Women’s
Occupation statistics are compiled
Bureau occupation codes, based on
representation in computer
from data that are coded based on
the 2010 SOC, provide 539 specific
occupations has declined since
occupational categories arranged
the 1990s.
WHAT IS STEM?
into 23 major occupational groups.
9
• Among science and engineering
ACS respondents were asked to
STEM workers are those
graduates, men are employed
write descriptions of the type of
employed in science, tech-
in a STEM occupation at twice
work and activities they do on the
nology, engineering, and
the rate of women: 31 percent
job (Figure 1). These responses
mathematics occupations.
compared with 15 percent.
are then coded into one of the 539
This includes computer and
Nearly 1 in 5 female science and
Census Bureau occupations.
mathematical occupations,
engineering graduates are out of
engineers, engineering techni-
the labor force, compared with
cians, life scientists, physical
less than 1 in 10 male science
scientists, social scientists, and
and engineering graduates.
science technicians. STEM is
• The most recent decades show
subject-matter driven. As such,
Figure 1.
less growth in STEM employment
it includes managers, teachers,
Reproduction of the
among younger women. Most of
practitioners, researchers, and
Write-In Questions on
the growth in women’s share of
technicians. Although the major-
Occupation From the
STEM employment among those
ity of the STEM workforce has
2011 American
under the age of 40 occurred
at least a bachelor’s degree, the
Community Survey
between 1970 and 1990.
STEM workforce also includes
Person 1 (continued)
those with associate’s degrees
• About 41 percent of Asians with
45
What kind of work was this person doing?
d. Social Security or
(For example: registered nurse, personnel manager,
and high school diplomas. The
supervisor of order department, secretary,
a science or engineering degree
accountant)
$
Yes ➔
L
Answer questions 41 – 46 if this person
are currently employed in a
Census Bureau occupation code
worked in the past 5 years. Otherwise,
No
TOT
SKIP to question 47.
STEM occupation, followed by
list contains 63 STEM occupa-
individuals who self-identify as
tions, accounting for 6 percent
e. Supplemental Sec
46
What were this person’s most important
41 – 46 CURRENT OR MOST RECENT JOB
activities or duties?
ACTIVITY.
(For example: patient care,
Describe clearly this person’s chief
directing hiring policies, supervising order clerks,
Two or More Races (24 percent)
of the total civilian workforce
job activity or business last week. If this person
$
Yes ➔
typing and filing, reconciling financial records)
had more than one job, describe the one at
which this person worked the most hours. If this
No
and non-Hispanic White (23
aged 25 to 64.
person had no job or business last week, give
TOT
information for his/her last job or business.
percent).
6
41
Was this person –
f. Any public assist
Mark (X) ONE box.
47
INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS
from the state or
• Blacks and Hispanics have been
an employee of a PRIVATE FOR-PROFIT
Mark (X) the "Yes" box for each type of income this
company or business, or of an individual, for
$
consistently underrepresented
the 2010 Standard Occupational
Yes ➔
person received, and give your best estimate of the
wages, salary, or commissions?
TOTAL AMOUNT during the PAST 12 MONTHS.
8
SOC Classification Principle 2 states,
No
(NOTE: The "past 12 months" is the period from
in STEM employment. In 2011,
Classification (SOC) manual.
All
7
TOT
an employee of a PRIVATE NOT-FOR-PROFIT,
today’s date one year ago up through today.)
“Occupations are classified based on the work
tax-exempt, or charitable organization?
11 percent of the workforce was
federal statistical agencies use the
performed and, in some cases on the skills,
Mark (X) the "No" box to show types of income
a local GOVERNMENT employee
g. Retirement, survi
NOT received.
(city, county, etc.)?
education, and/or training needed to perform
Do NOT include Soc
Black, while 6 percent of STEM
SOC to classify workers and jobs
the work at a competent level.”
a state GOVERNMENT employee?
If net income was a loss, mark the "Loss" box to
the right of the dollar amount.
workers were Black (up from 2
into occupational categories. The
$
9
The Census Bureau has developed and
Yes ➔
a Federal GOVERNMENT employee?
For income received jointly, report the appropriate
maintained its own occupation code list since
No
SELF-EMPLOYED in own NOT INCORPORATED
percent in 1970). Although the
SOC was first published in 1980
TO
share for each person – or, if that’s not possible,
business, professional practice, or farm?
it started collecting data on occupation in
report the whole amount for only one person and
Hispanic share of the workforce
with subsequent revisions in 2000
mark the "No" box for the other person.
SELF-EMPLOYED in own INCORPORATED
1850. The Census Bureau occupation code
business, professional practice, or farm?
h. Any other sources
list has followed the structure of the Standard
and 2010. The revision process
a. Wages, salary, commissions, bonuses,
regularly such as
working WITHOUT PAY in family business
or tips from all jobs. Report amount before
unemployment co
Occupational Classification since it was
or farm?
or alimony. Do NO
deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items.
6
The estimates for Two or More Races
implemented in 1980, but aggregates smaller
such as money from
42
For whom did this person work?
home.
and non-Hispanic White are not statistically
7
The SOC manual is available at
categories for confidentiality and statistical
$
.00
Yes ➔
If now on active duty in
,
different.
<www.bls.gov/soc>.
precision.
the Armed Forces, mark (X) this box ➔
No
$
Yes ➔
TOTAL AMOUNT for past
and print the branch of the Armed Forces.
12 months
No
Name of company, business, or other employer
TO
b. Self-employment income from own nonfarm
businesses or farm businesses, including
proprietorships and partnerships. Report
48
What was this perso
NET income after business expenses.
PAST 12 MONTHS?
to 47h; subtract any lo
43
What kind of business or industry was this?
enter the amount and
Describe the activity at the location where employed.
$
.00
Yes ➔
the dollar amount.
(For example: hospital, newspaper publishing, mail
,
order house, auto engine manufacturing, bank)
No
Loss
TOTAL AMOUNT for past
$
2
None OR
U.S. Census Bureau
12 months
TO
c. Interest, dividends, net rental income,
royalty income, or income from estates
44
Is this mainly – Mark (X) ONE box.
and trusts. Report even small amounts credited
to an account.
manufacturing?
wholesale trade?
$
.00

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