Sample Mla Research Paper (Page 6 of 10) in pdf

33.503-536/MLA.1

10/11/05

8:32 AM

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Holland 4

Who has suffered most from these food shortages and the breakdown

in basic services? The children. The economic sanctions have affected

children more severely than other Iraqis because their young bodies break

down more easily under the added strains. These strains lead to both

serious sickness and death. Denis Halliday, the former UN Humanitarian

Coordinator to Iraq, argues that “sanctions are both directly and indirectly

A quotation

by an

killing approximately six or seven thousand Iraqi children per month”

authoritative

(77), whereas Iraq suffered 40,000 casualties during the war. Some studies

source

(mentioned

claim that 237,000 Iraqi children, ages five and younger, have died as a

in the text) is

result of economic sanctions (Gordon 388). At the lowest estimate, the

integrated.

economic sanctions have caused almost six times more Iraqi deaths than

the Gulf War. This statistic is strong evidence that the sanctions need to be

rethought. Instead of encouraging Saddam Hussein to comply with UN

resolutions, the economic sanctions have caused what Halliday has called

“genocide” (qtd. in Wood).

The citation

indicates that

Iraqi children have been suffering and dying for two main reasons:

the source

malnutrition and poor health care. Hussein’s policies have made it hard

was quoted

in another

for parents to provide for their children, but sanctions make the job even

source.

tougher by restricting imports. The United Nations Children’s Fund, or

UNICEF, whose purpose is to protect children’s rights, found that in 1997

up to 32 percent of the children, ages five and under, were malnourished.

This number had increased 75 percent from 1991 (“Nearly One Million

The citation

lists the title

Children”). So not only have deaths among children risen sharply since

because no

1991, but the percentage of malnourished children has risen sharply as well.

author is

given.

In addition, most Iraqis have little or no access to health care.

Hospitals have had to deal with shortages of water and power, and often

what water they do have is unclean. In his visit to Iraq, Capaccio

The writer

witnessed these shortages, and he remarks that the hospitals in Iraq are in

summarizes

a source

deplorable shape. Many heating and cooling systems do not work, and

accurately

flies travel freely through the hospitals, spreading more disease. Medical

and fairly.

equipment is scarce, including ambulances and diagnostic equipment, and

much of what doctors do have is obsolete. Medicines for diseases such as

leukemia, typhoid, and cholera are not available unless they are bought on

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