More Periodic Table Trends Page 3

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Date: __________________
Name: ______________________
Thinking Question: Why are these LARGE increases in ionization energy observed?
It loses an electron from a full shell
Recall: Atoms tend to gain or lose electrons so that they will have a full valence orbital.
Thought POE: What are the probable electron gains/losses for elements in groups 1, 2, 13, 15, 16,
17 and 18? What are the predicted charges on the resulting ions?
Electron
Charges on Ions
Gains/Losses
E
Group 1
P
O
P
O
(1A)
Lose 1
+1
Atoms gain or lose
Group 2
P
O
P
O
electrons in order to
(2A)
Lose 2
+2
achieve full valence shells
Group 13
P
O
P
O
(3A)
Lose 3
+3
Group 15
P
O
P
O
(5A)
Gain 3
-3
Group 16
P
O
P
O
(6A)
Gain 2
-2
Group 17
P
O
P
O
(7A)
Gain 1
-1
O –
Group 18
P
stay
P
O
(8A)
the same
0
open shell: a shell containing less than its maximum number of electrons*
closed shell: a shell containing its maximum number of electrons*
*Note: for the purposes of this section, the transition metals, lanthanides and actinides are ignored.
Therefore…
Shell
Maximum Number of Electrons
Shell 1
2
Shell 2
8
Shell 3
8
Ions form in such a way that the outermost shell of an atom will become a closed shell.
3

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