Amino Acids Peptides And Proteins
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47C H A P T E R
COO
24
AMINO ACIDS,
PEPTIDES, AND
NH
3
PROTEINS
24-1
Proteins are the most abundant organic molecules
in animals, playing important roles in all aspects of
Introduction
cell structure and function. Proteins are biopolymers of
A-amino
acids, so named because the amino group is bonded
to the
a
carbon atom, next to the carbonyl group. The physical and chemical properties
of a protein are determined by its constituent amino acids. The individual amino acid
subunits are joined by amide linkages called peptide bonds. Figure 24-1 shows the
general structure of an
a-amino
acid and a protein.
α carbon atom
O
H
N
CH
C
OH
2
α-amino group
R
side chain
an α-amino acid
O
O
O
O
O
H
N
CH
C
OH
H
N
CH
C
OH
H
N
CH
C
OH
H
N
CH
C
OH
H
N
CH
C
OH
2
2
2
2
2
CH
CH
OH
H
CH
SH
CH(CH
)
3
2
2
3
2
alanine
serine
glycine
cysteine
valine
several individual amino acids
peptide bonds
O
O
O
O
O
NH
CH
C
NH
CH
C
NH
CH
C
NH
CH
C
NH
CH
C
CH
CH
OH
H
CH
SH
CH(CH
)
3
2
2
3
2
a short section of a protein
FIGURE 24-1
Structure of a general protein and its constituent amino acids. The amino acids are joined by amide linkages called peptide bonds.
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