Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, Class, Order, Suborder, Family, Genera, Species printable pdf download

Kingdom, Phylum, Subphylum, Class, Order, Suborder, Family, Genera, Species

Kingdom Monera: Prokaryotic: single-celled with no nucleus. Also known as bacteria. Autotrophs and heterotrophs. Some chemosynthetic. Bacteria roles in oceans: base of food

chain, converters of nitrogen gas into useful forms for organisms, decomposers. Cyanobacteria (stromatolites).

Kingdom Protista: Eukaryotic: cells contain a nucleus. Heterotrophs and autotrophs. Mostly single celled, but some autotrophs are colonial and/or multicellular. All autotrophs

use chlorphyll a as their primary photosynthetic pigment. (Grab bag kingdom: all eukaryotes that aren’t fungi, plants, or animals.)

Unclassified: Amoebas and their relatives. Mostly heterotrophs. Move and feed by cellular extensions. Foraminiferans (CaCO

shells) and Radiolarians (SiO

shells).

Phylum Haptophyta: Single or multicelled. Mostly autotrophic with brown accessory pigments. All have two flagella and a haptonema structure (a third flagella used to move

molecules). Coccolithophores (single celled with CaCO

shells).

Phylum Dinophyta: Mostly single-celled flagellates with two dissimilar flagella. Heterotrophic and autotrophic forms. Dinoflagellates (including zooxanthellae).

Phylum Ochrophyta: Brown algae. Single or multicelled. Mostly autotrophic with brown accessory pigments. Diatoms (single celled, with SiO

shells), Kelps (oakblade kelp,

feather boa kelp, giant kelp, bullwhip kelp), sea palms, rockweed.

Phylum Rhodophyta: Red algae. Autotrophic; red accessory pigments. Encrusting and articulated coralline algae, brillo pad algae, Neptune’s washcloth, sea sacs, irridescent algae, nori.

Phylum Chlorophyta: Green algae. Mostly autotrophic with chlorophyll b, β-carotene, and other carotenid accessory pigments. Sea strings, sea lettuce, ocean pin cushion.

Kingdom Fungi: Eukaryotic. Multicellular heterotrophs. No photosynthesis. Most are decomposers that live embedded in their food source, secreting digestive enzymes and

absorbing products. Mushrooms, fungi, molds, lichen; mostly land, freshwater, or highest supratidal organisms: keep algae moist.

Kingdom Plantae: Eukaryotic. Photosynthetic multicellular autotrophs whose cell walls are made mostly of cellulose. Primarily terrestrial. Roots, leaf-bearing shoots; gas exchange

through leaves. Waxy coating on leaves prevents excessive water loss. Hardening of cell walls of woody tissues for support on land. Evolved from Green algae.

Only division found in marine environment is Anthophyta: Angiosperms. Flowering plants; roots, covered seeds. Most species are freshwater or terrestrial. Marine eelgrass,

manatee grass, surfgrass, turtle grass, salt marsh grasses, mangroves.

Kingdom Animalia: Eukaryotic. Multicellular heterotrophs.

Phylum Porifera: Sponges. Simplest of all marine animals. Sessile. Porous. Filter feeders. No nervous, digestive, respiratory, or circulatory system. Diffusion of wastes,

nutrients, gases in and out cell walls. (Separate holes for in/out.) Water drawn into pores by beating of flagellated cells inside body. Body walls supported by spicules (SiO

CaCO

). Filters 3000x body volume/day.

Phylum Cnidaria: Jellyfish and their kin; all equipped with stinging cells. 9,000 species. Radial symmetry. Mouth, the only opening, is shaped like hollow pouch: tentacles line

opening. Hollow = digestive cavity. Diffusion moves wastes and gases between mouth and body. No excretory or circulatory system. Reproduce by fission of polyps (sessile;

mouth up) usually creating colonies or produce medusae (planktonic; mouth down) forms, which swim away, produce sperm and eggs, which combine to create polyp. (Some

species do both.) Carnivores, save rare types with zooxanthellae.

Class Hydrozoa: Most alternate and medusa forms. Port. man-of-war, Hydroids, Siphonophores.

Class Scyphozoa: No (or reduced) polyp stage in life cycle. Free-swimming medusa. Sea wasps. Jellyfish. Nettles.

Class Anthozoa: Medusa stage absent. Polyps only. Sea anemones, coral.

Phylum Bryozoa: Most widespread and numerous sessile marine animals. Small, encrusting colonies. Live inside conjoined calcite square boxes/shells. LOPHOPHORES (all

have circular structure spirally wound and lined around entire perimeter with ciliated tentacles). U-shaped digestive tract. No head. Filter feeders.

Phylum Mollusca: (58,000 marine species). Soft bodied, usually protected by a hard CaCO

shell. Three parts to body: muscular foot, usually used for movement; visceral mass

containing most internal organs; mantle: a fold of tissue that drapes over visceral mass and secretes shell if one present. Many have toothed radula used for digging holes in

rocks, removing algae from rocks, etc. Most have gills, anus, and excretory pores. Obvious heads, flow-through digestion, well-developed nervous system. Most have separate

sexes with gonads (ovaries or testes).

Class Polyplacophora: Shell with eight plates (articulated). Head reduced. Chitons.

Class Gastropoda: Asymmetric body plan, usually with coiled shell. Foot cannot attach to sand or mud. Grazers, suspension feeders, predators, some planktonic. Radula

rasped across rocks, kelp stipes, or surfaces. 43,000 sp. Snails, limpets, abalones, pteropods, sea slugs (nudibranchs; no shells), sea hares, whelks.

Class Bivalvia: Enclosed in twin shells. Head reduced. Filter feeders. Paired gills. Dig with foot. Mantle forms siphons that extend to obtain water and eject waste. 13,000

sp. Clams, oysters, scallops, mussels.

Class Cephalopoda: Head surrounded by foot, divided into tentacles. Stiff adhesion discs on tentacles (suction cups) catch prey. Sharp beaks tear and bite. Shells reduced,

absent, or internal. Locomotion by jet propulsion using siphon made from mantle. 450 species. Squid, octopuses, nautiloids, cuttlefish.