Covalent Bonds Vs Ionic Bonds Information Sheet Template
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2Covalent Bonds vs Ionic Bonds
Covalent Bonds vs Ionic Bonds
There are two types of atomic bonds -
ionic bonds
and
covalent
bonds. They differ in their structure and properties.
Covalent bonds consist of pairs of electrons shared by two atoms, and bind the atoms in a fixed orientation. Relatively
high energies are required to break them (50 - 200 kcal/mol). Whether two atoms can form a covalent bond depends upon
their
electronegativity
i.e. the power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself. If two atoms differ considerably
in their electronegativity - as sodium and chloride do - then one of the atoms will lose its electron to the other atom. This
results in a positively charged ion (cation) and negatively charged ion (anion). The bond between these two ions is called
an ionic bond.
Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
State at room temperature:
Liquid or gaseous
Solid
Polarity:
Low
High
An ionic bond is formed between a
A covalent bond is formed between
metal and a non-metal. Non-
two non-metals that have similar
metals(-ve ion) are "stronger" than
electronegativities. Neither atom is
the metal(+ve ion) and can get
Formation:
"strong" enough to attract electrons
electrons very easily from the
from the other. For stabilization,
metal. These two opposite ions
they share their electrons from
attract each other and form the
outer molecular orbit with others
ionic bond.
Shape:
Definite shape
No definite shape
Melting point:
low
High
Covalent bonding is a form of
Ionic bond, also known as
chemical bonding between two non
electrovalent bond, is a type of
metallic atoms which is
bond formed from the electrostatic
What is it?:
characterized by the sharing of
attraction between oppositely
pairs of electrons between atoms
charged ions in a chemical
and other covalent bonds.
compound. These kinds of bonds
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