Biological Molecules Chart
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1Compounds are not
Compounds are not
mixtures – in mixtures
mixtures – they cannot be
COMPOUNDS
every component retains
separated into elements by
its own properties; a
physical means such as
compound is a new
filtration
What are
substance.
they?
A compound is any
Each compound has
Properties of each
Each compound has
substance
a definite
compound are
its own unique
composed of two or
arrangement of
different from the
properties, such as
more elements
elements
properties of the
weight, freezing
formed when the
represented by its
elements from
melting or boiling
elements are joined
chemical formula
which they are
points, and plays a
by chemical bonds.
)
made .
unique biological
(e.g. H
O ot C
H
O
2
6
12
6
role.
Types of Compounds
Ionic compounds
Molecular compounds
• made up of electrically charged ions
• made up of electrically neutral molecules
• contain a fixed number of atoms
• arranged in a regular geometric
together
atoms in a compound are held
pattern; held together by
ionic bonds
•
by
chemical bonds
are not linked into molecules
•
In Biology
In living organisms, ions such as H+,
Organic molecular compounds are
-
--
OH
, Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, Fe++, CO3
produced or decomposed by cells and
4----
and PO
regulate water and salt
their energy can be stored or
balance, control osmotic pressure and
released. Life is based on a
help catalyze chemical reactions
combination of such interconnected
reactions called metabolism.
Biologically most important compounds
Proteins
DNA and RNA
Formed by reactions
Formed by
combining amino acids
nucleotides joined
into polymer chains
into polymer chains
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Formed by glucose and
Formed from fatty
other sugars from CO2 and
acids and other
H
0 in photosynthesis
2
organic molecules
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