Chemical Bonding Cornell Notes

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Cornell Notes
Topic/Objective: Chemistry – Chemical Bonding
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Essential Question: What is a chemical bond?
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Notes: A chemical bond is a force of attraction between atoms or ions. Bonds form
when atoms share or transfer valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons in
the outer energy level of an atom that may be involved in chemical interactions.
Valence electrons are the basis of all chemical bonds. Chemical bonds form because
they give atoms a more stable arrangement of electrons.
Why Bonds Form: To understand why chemical bonds form, consider the common
compound known as water, or H
O. It consists of two hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen
2
(O) atom. As you can see in the on the left side of the Figure below, each hydrogen atom
has just one electron, which is also its sole valence electron. The oxygen atom has six
valence electrons. These are the electrons in the outer energy level of the oxygen atom.
In the water molecule on the right in the Figure above, each hydrogen atom shares a
pair of electrons with the oxygen atom. By sharing electrons, each atom has electrons
available to fill its sole or outer energy level. The hydrogen atoms each have a pair of
shared electrons, so their first and only energy level is full. The oxygen atom has a total
of eight valence electrons, so its outer energy level is full. A full outer energy level is
the most stable possible arrangement of electrons. It explains why elements form
chemical bonds with each other.
Types of Chemical Bonds: Not all chemical bonds form in the same way as the bonds in
water. There are actually three different types of chemical bonds, called covalent, ionic, and
metallic bonds.
For an entertaining song comparing covalent and ionic bonds, go to this URL:
Summary:

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