The Ipa Vowel Chart In Features - Ucla Linguistics
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2Linguistics 103
Hayes/Lefkowitz
General Phonetics
Winter 2012
The IPA Vowel Chart in Features
Front
Central
Back
unrounded
rounded
unrounded
rounded
unrounded
rounded
ˆ
¨
Close (high)
(upper)
i
y
u
I
U
(lower)
O
P
Mid
(upper)
e
o
E
œ
Œ
√
ç
(lower)
å
Q
Open (low)
(upper)
a
Ø
1
A
Å
(lower)
(a)
Plus: , a central vowel. Placed on the IPA chart between Upper and Lower Mid; normally used
to show that a vowel is stressless and very short.
Sounds shown in italics will not appear in dictation exams.
IPA has different labels, with gaps. Rogers says “higher” for my “upper”; my usage is more
common.
Here
IPA
upper high
close
lower high
(no official label)
upper mid
close-mid
lower mid
open-mid
upper low
(no official label)
lower low
open
Some IPA Diacritics Relevant to Vowels
long
advanced
advanced tongue root
>
half long
retracted
creaky voiced
extra short
less rounded
breathy voiced
•
voiceless
more rounded
nasalized
raised
retracted tongue root
lowered
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No symbol is available. However, the symbol [a] is customarily used, without IPA
sanction, for this very common vowel. It is recommended that use of [a] should be accompanied
by an indication of whether a front or central vowel is meant, wherever the distinction is
important.
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