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Lab: Using Blood Tests To Identify Criminals And Babies - Anatomy And Physiology Worksheet Page 2

Explanation of results: Normally, our bodies do not make antibodies against any molecules

that are part of our own bodies. Thus, antibodies help to defend against invading viruses and

bacteria, but normally antibodies do not attack our own body cells. For example, people with

Type A blood do not make antibodies against the Type A antigen, which is present on their red

blood cells. However, they do make antibodies against the Type B antigen (called anti-B

antibodies).

4. Test your understanding of blood groups by filling in the blanks in the chart below.

Blood group A

If you belong to the blood group A, you have A

antigens on the surface of your red blood cells

and ________ antibodies in your blood.

Blood group B

If you belong to the blood group B, you have B

antigens on the surface of your red blood cells

and ________ antibodies in your blood.

Blood group AB

If you belong to the blood group AB, you have

both A and B antigens on the surface of your red

blood cells and no anti-A or

anti-B antibodies in your blood.

Blood group O

If you belong to the blood group O, you have

neither A nor B antigens on the surface of your

red blood cells, but you have both

________ and ________ antibodies in your

blood.

Blood transfusions — Who can receive blood from whom?

If you are given a blood transfusion that does not

match your blood type, antibodies present in your

blood can react with the antigens present on the

donated red blood cells. For example, if a person

who has Type A blood is given a Type B blood

transfusion, then this person's anti-B antibodies

will react with the Type B antigens on the donated

red blood cells and cause a harmful reaction. This

transfusion reaction can cause the donated red

blood cells to burst and/or clump together and

block blood vessels.

Transfusion reactions can be fatal. To prevent this from happening, doctors test whether a person's

blood is compatible with the donated blood before they give a transfusion. A person can only be given

donated blood with red blood cells that do not have any antigen that can react with the antibodies in

the person's blood.

Lab: Using Blood Tests To Identify Criminals And Babies - Anatomy And Physiology Worksheet Page 2