Hybridization Worksheet With Answers - Chapter 1 Page 6
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14Organic Chemistry
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8.
It never decolourises bromine water and
In alkene and alkyne it decolourises bromine
Baeyer’s reagent.
water and Baeyer’s reagent.
9.
It has cylindrical charge symmetry around
No such symmetry is present.
the bond axis.
1.4
APPLICATIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF HYBRIDIZATION TO
ORGANIC MOLECULES
1.4.1 Variation in Bond Lengths
(a)
Bond length of hydrocarbons : The C—C bond lengths in hydrocarbons are given in Table 1.1.
As we move from left to right, we find that the bond length decreases, it is because s-orbital
character of hybrid orbitals increases from 25% to 50%. s-orbital is small and it lies close to the
nucleus; greater the percentage of s-orbital character, lesser is bond length.
Table 1.1 C—C Bond Length of Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon
C
C
C
C
C
C
(alkyne)
(alkene)
(alkane)
Bond length
1.54 Å
1.34 Å
1.20 Å
3
2
Hybridization
sp
sp
sp
% s -orbital
25%
33%
50%
character
(b)
C—H bond length of hybridization: See Table 1.2 for C—H bond length of hybridization.
Table 1.2 C—H Bond Length of Hybridization
Hydrocarbon
Alkane
Alkene
Alkyne
Bond length
1.11 Å in CH
1.10 Å in
1.09 Å in C
H
1.06 Å in C
H
4
2
4
2
2
C
H
and C
H
and C
H
2
6
3
8
6
6
% s -orbital character
25%
33%
50%
The reason is the same that for the C—C length variation as mentioned above.
1.4.2 Acidity of Hydrocarbons
The replacement of hydrogen atom of hydrocarbons by metals is an evidence regarding the acidity of
hydrocarbons, e.g., formation of following compounds:
C
H
Li
Ag—C≡C—Ag
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9
Butyl lithium
Silver acetylide
C
H
MgBr
(C
H
)
Pb
2
5
2
5
4
Ethyl magnesium bromide
Tetraethyl lead
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