1. Knowing Our Numbers Worksheet With Answers Page 21
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25numeral symbols in this system. These symbols and their corresponding Hindu-Arabic numerals are
given below:
Roman Numerals
I
V
X
L
C
D
M
Hindu-Arabic Numerals
1
5
10
50
100
500
1,000
Rules followed in the Roman System of Numeration
Rule 1: If a symbol is repeated, its value is added as many times as it occurs.
Examples:
Ø
Ø
III = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
XX = 10 + 10 = 20
Ø
Ø
CC = 100 + 100 = 200
MMM = 1,000 + 1,000 + 1,000 = 3,000
Remarks:
Do you know?
(i) A symbol can be repeated at the most three times.
In Roman system of numeration,
(ii) Symbols V, L and D are never repeated.
there is no symbol for zero.
(iii) The only symbols which can repeat are I, X, C and M.
Rule 2: A symbol of smaller value written to the right of a symbol of greater value always gets
added to the symbol of greater value.
Examples:
Ø
Ø
VI = 5 + 1 = 6
VII = 5 + 1 + 1 = 7
Ø
Ø
XI = 10 + 1 = 11
XIII = 10 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 13
Ø
Ø
LX = 50 + 10 = 60
CXI = 100 + 10 + 1 = 111
Rule 3: A symbol of smaller value written to the left of a symbol of greater value always gets
subtracted from the symbol of greater value.
Examples:
Ø
Ø
IV = 5 – 1 = 4
IX = 10 – 1 = 9
Ø
Ø
XL = 50 – 10 = 40
XC = 100 – 10 = 90
Ø
Ø
CD = 500 – 100 = 400
CM = 1,000 – 100 = 900
Remarks:
V, L and D are never subtracted from a symbol of larger value.
·
I can be subtracted from V and X only.
·
X can be subtracted from L and C only.
·
C can be subtracted from D and M only.
·
Rule 4: When a symbol of smaller value is written between two symbols of larger values, it is
always subtracted from the symbol of larger value, which comes immediately after the
symbol of smaller value.
Examples:
Ø
Ø
XIX = 10 + (10 – 1) = 19
CXIV = 100 + 10 + (5 – 1) = 114
Ø
Ø
CLIV = 100 + 50 + (5 – 1) = 154
CCIX = 100 + 100 + (10 – 1) = 209
Rule 5: If a bar is placed over a symbol, its value gets multiplied by 1,000.
Examples:
Ø
Ø
V = 5 × 1,000 = 5,000
L = 50 × 1,000 = 50,000
21
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