Chapter 14 Practice Test 4 With Answers - Mcgraw-Hill'S Psat/nmsqt Page 6
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45478
M
GRAW-HILL’S PSAT/NMSQT
C
their critics as naive mythmakers who
The passages below are followed by questions
30
substituted
their own a priori ideals of progress,
based on their content or the relationship
reason, and freedom for the earlier
Æ
between the passages. Answer the questions
mythologies. Far from undertaking a scientific
z
1
on the basis of what is stated or implied in
examination of society and the human
the passages or the introductory material pre-
condition, the philosophes had actually engaged
ceding them.
35
in a form of
moral philosophizing.
B
Unlike Passage 1, Passage 2 suggests that the
6
ideals of the French Revolution were
Questions 6–9 are based on the
(A) well received in other countries
following passages.
(B) unrealized
The following passages discuss the philosophy
(C) disputed by the philosophes
behind the French Revolution, which occurred in
(D) a stabilizing social force
the late eighteenth century.
(E) implemented by Napoleon
Passage 1
B
According to Passage 1, Rousseau believed
7
Line
Social order,
the inequalities of class, the
that the “natural” state is one in which people
domination by an aristocracy were no longer
(A) do not have access to scientific means of
to be accepted as divinely ordained and
investigation
unchangeable truths. Science was to be a
(B) are in constant competition with one
5
critical
instrument in the pursuit of truth, a
another
truth that would liberate people from the dark
(C) willingly fulfill hierarchical social roles
myths of the divine right of kings and religious
(D) are kind to each other
dogma and lead them towards a progressively
(E) have no proper rights
democratic order based on the newly
10
discovered truths
about the “rights of man.”
1
Rousseau
wrote of the inequalities between
B
The “critics” mentioned in line 29 most likely
8
people caused by social institutions and
shared the perspective of
practices, and noted that in the “natural” state
the differences between people were far less
(A) the author of Passage 1
15
acute than in society.
It is society, he argued,
(B) Rousseau
that distorts the basic goodness, decency and
(C) the author of Passage 2
equality that are the natural condition of
(D) the opponents of Napoleon
mankind.
(E) modern philosophers
Passage 2
Out of the revolutionary upheaval in France
B
The final sentence of Passage 2 implies that
9
20
there emerged a
long period of instability, of
Rousseau
counter-revolution, of attempts at monarchical
(A) was ignorant of history
restoration, and Napoleonic imperial
(B) did not focus on questions of morality
domination. Rather than the steady progress
(C) did not acknowledge the “rights of man”
towards a free and democratic society in which
(D) was not rigorously scientific in his
25
a human reason
would order the affairs of
analysis
politics and society, there followed a period of
(E) was more concerned with the past than
bloodshed, division, domination, and reaction.
with the present
The Enlightenment philosophes were seen by
1
Jean-Jacques
Rousseau,
an
eighteenth-century
French
philosophe.
First paragraph: Readings in Social Theory: The Classic Tradition
to Post-Modernism, James Farganis. # 1993 The McGraw-Hill
Companies.
Second paragraph:
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