Electromagnetism, Properties Of Waves, Motion, Gases & The Kinetic Theory Worksheet With Answers Page 27
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36Conduction & Convection
A better understanding of Conduction and Convection !
Conduction
The atoms (or molecules) in a solid are close
together and so, because they constantly collide
with each other, they transfer heat energy
quite quickly by conduction.
The atoms in gases are much further apart, and so collide less often. This is why
conduction is very slow in gases.
Metals conduct heat very quickly making them better conductors, because they have
free electrons which can move around within the metal, and therefore can carry the
heat energy much more rapidly from one place to another.
Convection
When liquids or gases are heated the atoms or
molecules that are heated up move more rapidly.
These atoms then collide at higher speed and more
often with other atoms around them.
This leads to a short-lived, localized increase in
pressure, and so this part of the fluid expands.
(It’s very similar to the section where V/T = constant,
i.e. gases expanding at constant pressure).
The fluid in this locality is now less dense than surrounding fluid, and so it rises,
forming a convection current.
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