Westward Test Study Guide (Page 2 of 3) in pdf

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6. List 2 benefits of the Transcontinental Railroad?

Transported people and goods quicker, made trade easier, started building factories in the West

7. Who helped build the railroad? (3 groups of people)

The Chinese, African-Americans, and the Irish

8. Explain the reason Native Americans lost land during the westward expansion era?

Native Americans were forced to move to reservations because of government treaties

9. What is a reservation?

A small piece of government land set aside for Native Americans

10. How did Americans force Native Americans to assimilate?

1. Deliberate reduction of buffalo herds to force them to move off their hunting grounds to reservations

2. Efforts to get Native Americans to become settled farmers – settlers wanted the land to be used more

“productively”

11. What happened to Native Americans as a result of warfare and disease?

Many Native Americans were killed by warfare with the U.S. military and diseases brought by western settlers

12. Complete the chart below. What actions did each leader take as a result of forced relocation?

Leader:

Action taken:

Sitting Bull

Fought against Col. Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn after fleeing his

reservation to Montana

Chief Joseph

After being forced onto a reservation in Idaho (1/10 of the size of their

original land) Chief Joseph led a group of 750 Native Americans out of

Idaho, escaping the reservation. General Oliver Howard was then ordered to

bring them back to the reservation. Chief Joseph and others were caught

and surrendered at Bear’s Paw Mountain.

Geronimo

As Americans moved further west, Geronimo led several attacks on U.S. The

Apache believed Geronimo had special powers - for example, believed he

could walk without leaving tracks. After many battles, Apache were forced to

surrender to the U.S. in 1886 in Arizona

13. Summarize what happened at each event.

Battle of Little Bighorn:

Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse and their tribe fled their reservation to Montana. Col. George

Custer and troops were sent in to drive the Native Americans back to their reservation. They met 2,000 warriors

(largest Indian force ever gathered in the Plains). Custer was killed during the fighting.

Massacre at Wounded Knee:

After Col. Custer was killed at Little Bighorn, U.S. Army was sent in to capture

Sitting Bull. He was killed along with 120 men, 230 women and children at a creek call Wounded Knee. The

Massacre at Wounded Knee was the last major episode of violence in Native American wars.

Westward Test Study Guide Page 2