Minerals Id Chart - Streak, Color, Form And Properties

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Mineral ID Chart
Metallic (Luster) Minerals, H=hardness, SC=Specific Gravity
Mineral
H
SG
Streak
Color
Form
Cleavage/Fracture
Diagnostic
properties
Pyrite FeS
6-6.5
5
Dark grey
Brass yellow; tarnishes
Cubes or octahedrons
Brittle. No cleavage
Cubic form, brassy color,
2
brown.
and SG=5.
Magnetite
6
5.2
Dark grey
Silvery grey to black.
Octahedrons
No cleavage
Attracted to a magnet.
Fe
O
Tarnishes grey. Opaque.
SG=5.2. No cleavage.
3
4
Chalcopyrite
3.5-4
4.2
Greenish-
Brass yellow and tarnishes
Often massive,
Indistinct cleavage and
Greenish-Black Streak,
CuFeS
Black
to peacock blue-purple
tetragonal system
uneven Fracture
peacock colors on brass
2
1.5-6
2.1-2.6
Red to
Silvery grey, black, or brick
Thin tabular crystals
No cleavage
Red streak. Metallic +
Hematite
Fe
O
red-brown
red. Luster can be
or shapeless masses.
nonmetallic.
2
3
nonmetallic.
Earthy red.
Galena PbS
2.5
7.6
Grey to
Silvery grey. Tarnishes dull
Cubes and
Brittle. 3 good cleavage
SG=8! Silver cubes (form
dark grey
grey.
octahedrons
planes (cubes).
and cleavage).
Graphite C
1
2.1-2.3
Dark-grey
Silver grey to black
Flakes, short
1 excellent cleavage
Dark grey. H=1. Greasy.
hexagonal prisms,
plane.
Dark grey streak.
and masses.
Note: All the minerals above have a metallic luster. Massive means lacking a defined form.
Non-metallic minerals
(listed in decreasing hardness) Review mineral formula to connect to family! H=Hardness; SG = specific gravity
Mineral
H
SG Streak
Color and/or
Form
Cleavage/Fracture
Diagnostic
Luster
properties
Corundum
9
4
White
Gray, blue, pink, brown.
Hexagonal prisms
No cleavage
H=9. Barrel-shaped,
Al
O
Glassy or dull.
with striated, flat
flat-end
2
3
Translucent to opaque.
ends. Barrel
hexagons.
shaped
7
3.5-
White
Red, black, or brown; can
Dodecahedrons
No cleavage.
Dodecahedron form,
Garnet
X3Y2(SiO4)3 where X and Y are
4.3
be yellow, green, pink.
(12-
Brittle. Conchoidal
red (sometimes),
combinations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Al
Glassy. Translucent.
sided polygons)
fracture.
glassy, conchoidal
fracture, H=7.
Olivine (Mg,Fe)
SiO
7
3.3-
White
Pale or dark olive green
Short prisms
Conchoidal
Green, conchoidal
2
4
3.4
to yellow or brown.
(usually too small
fracture.Brittle.
fracture, glassy, H=7.
Glassy. Transparent.
to
Usually granular. Not
see).
a hexagonal crystal.
Quartz SiO
7
2.7
White
Colorless, white, or gray;
Massive; or
Conchoidal fracture.
Glassy, conchoidal
2
can occur in all colors.
hexagonal prisms
fracture, H=7. Hex.
Glassy and/or greasy.
that end in a
prism with pointed
point.
end.
6-7
3.3-
White
Green (with yellow or
Striated prisms,
One good, one poor
H=7. Green. Striated
Epidote
Ca
(Al,Fe)
Si
O
(OH)
3.6
brown tinge). Translucent
or
and rarely visible.
crystal faces. Massive
2
3
3
12
to opaque. Glassy.
massive.

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