Duke Ellington Black And Tan Fantasy (Page 3 of 4) in pdf

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7th chord - a type of extended chord that incorporates a triad (1, 3 & 5) but also adds the

7th degree of the scale. Types of 7th chords include dominant 7th (major 3rd and b7), minor

7th (b3 and b7), major 7th (major 3 and major 7) and diminished 7th (b3, b5, bb7).

Secondary Dominant - chord V of V (chord II, but with a major 3rd). They are used to prepare

a piece to change key.

Substitution Chord - the advanced technique of using a chord in the place of another, often

related, chord in a chord progression. Jazz musicians often substitute chords in the original

progression to create variety and add interest to a piece. The substitute chord must have some

harmonic quality and degree of function in common with the original chord.

Cycle of ﬁfths - a chord sequence that makes repetitive use of moving chord by the distance

of a perfect ﬁfth.

Chromaticism - in this piece, when chromatic notes (notes not

in the diatonic major/minor scale) are added to make the

melody more colourful.

Dissonant clashes - Notes sounding together that do not

belong in the same key, creating a clash.

Horse whinny - an effect achieved by the trombone, making

the instrument sound like a horse whinnying.

Swing - rhythm used in jazz, where the ﬁrst of two quavers is held longer than the second

Syncopation - the displacement of the usual rhythmic accent away from a strong beat onto a

weak beat

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