The Periodic Table Of Elements (Page 2 of 2) in pdf

RULES FOR SIGNIFICANT DIGITS

S TEPS TO DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS

SOLUBILITY CHART

s = soluble

I = insoluble

1. Digits other than zero are always significant .

1. Determine U nknown :

How many seconds are in 7 6 yea r s ?

96 g

2 significant digits

Unknown : seconds

a. E stablish the units you are trying to get by reading the question.

- = does not exist

61.4 g

3 significant digits

s/I= partly soluble

0.52 g

2 significant digits

Given: 76 years

d= decomposes

2. One or more final zeros used after the decimal

Known Relationships:

2. D etermine the G iven and K nown R e lationships :

Aluminum

d Al

60 sec = 1 min

point are always significant.

a. W rite down the information that is given in the problem.

Ammonium

s NH

4.72 km

3 significant digits

60 min = 1 hr

b. Write down any relationships that might help in the conversion.

4.7200 km

5 significant digits

24 hr = 1 day

Barium

s Ba

82.0 m

3 signif icant digits

365 days = 1 year

i Cd

Cadmium

3. Zeros between two other significant digits are

Calcium

i Ca

always significant .

3. Setup Diagram :

Copper(I) -ous

- s/i i

i Cu

5.029 m

4 significant digits

a. Start with the given.

76 years

306 km

3 significant digits

Copper(II) -ic

i Cu

b. P lace the units you are trying to get a t the end of the diagram .

4. Zeros used solely for spacing the decimal point

Hydrogen

s H

are not significant. The zeros are placeholders

i Fe

Iron(II) -ous

only.

4. Canceling Units :

i s/i i Fe

Iron(III) -ic

7000 g

1 significant digit

a. T his can be done by making sure the units you are trying to cancel

0.00783 kg

3 significant digits

76 years

3 65 days

24 hrs

60 min

60 s

Lead(II) -ous

s s/i i

i Pb

are both on top and bottom.

5. Counted numbers have an infinite number of

1 year

1 d ay

b. K eep adding relationships to the dimensional analysis diagram until

1 hr

1 min

Lead(IV) -ic

- Pb

significant digits.

all units have canceled except the one(s) you are trying to get .

Magnesium

d Mg

32 people

∞ significant digits

i Mn

Manganese

3 c ars

∞ significant digits

5. C heck t he Setup :

s/i i

i s/i i

- s/i s/d i i/d i

i Hg

Mercury(I) -ous

a. M ake sure all unwanted units cancel out.

76 years

3 65 days

24 hrs

60 min

60 s

2,400,000,000

b. M ake sure all relationships used are correct.

Mercury(II) -ic

s s/i i

i s/i d

i Hg

1 year

1 d ay

1 hr

1 min

CHEMISTRY

Nickel

i Ni

Potassium

s K

6. C alculate Results :

STUDY GUIDE

i s/i i Ag

Silver

a. M ultiply all values on top and divide by all values on the bottom.

b. Round to the correct number of significant figures.

s/i s

s Na

Sodium

76 x 365 x 24 x 60 x 60) / (1 x 1 x 1 x 1) = 2,396,736,000 = 2,400,000,000

c. Remember definitions have an infinite number of significant

Tin(II) -ous

- s/d -

- s/d - s/d -

i s/d i Sn

Mike Stratton

figures.

Tin(IV) -ic

i Sn

Centralia High School

Zinc

Science Teacher

NAMES & CHARGES OF POLYATOMIC IONS

(360)330 - 7605

1 -

2 -

3 -

4 -

2 -

3 -

Acetate

Carbonate

Arsenate

AsO

Hexacyanoferrate(II)

mstratton@centralia.wednet.edu

4 -

Fe(CN)

2 -

3 -

4 -

Amide

Chromate

CrO

Arsenite

AsO

Orthosilicate

SiO

2 -

3 -

4 -

Astatate

AtO

Dichromate

Borate

Diphosphate

NAMING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

2 -

3 -

Azide

Hexachloroplatinate PtCl

Citrate

2 -

Benzoate

COO

Hexafluorosilicate

SiF

Hexacyanoferrate(III)

Go Cougs! Go Tigers!

yes

Does the formula

Are there two atoms,

It is an

Does the acid contain a

3 -

Fe(CN)

polyatomic ion (more

begin with H?

both the same?

acid

2 -

3 -

Bismuthate

BiO

Molybdate

MoO

Phosphate

than two elements)?

3 -

2 -

Phosphite

Bromate

BrO

Oxala te

METRIC CONVERSTIONS

yes

2 -

Chlorate

ClO

Peroxide

1 +

2 +

yes

Multiplication Factor

Prefix

Symbol

2 -

Chl orite

ClO

Peroxydisulfate

Ammonium

Mercury(I)

Up=Left

Does it begin with a

I t is the diatomic gas

tera

Cyanide

Neptunyl(V) NpO

Neptunyl(VI) NpO

1 000 000 000 000

metal which has more

hydrogen.

Formate

HCOO

Ruthenate

RuO

2 -

Plutonyl(V)

PuO

Plutonyl(VI) PuO

1 000 000 000

giga

D oes the polyatomic

than one oxidation

2 -

Hydroxide

Selenate

SeO

Uranyl(V)

Uranyl(VI)

1 000 000

mega

end in – ate or – ite ?

number? (ie Fe, Pb, Sn )

2 -

1 000

kilo

Hypobromite

BrO

Selenite

SeO

Vanadyl(V)

Vanadyl(IV)

- ate

- ite

2 -

yes

100

hecto

Hypochlorite

ClO

Sili cate

SiO

2 -

N ame the first element followed by its

deka

Hypophosphite H

Sulfate

ACTIVITY SERIES

GRAMS

2 -

Iodate

Sulfite

n o

oxidation number ( Roman num eral).

OF METALS

Name the

2 -

0.1

deci

Nitrate

Tartrate

MOL

Lithium

polyatomic ion,

Nitrite

Tellurate

TeO

2 -

0.01

centi

replacing – ate

Potassium

MLCS

2 -

Does the formula contain a polyatomic

Is the polyatomic

0.001

milli

Perbromate

BrO

Tellurite

TeO

with – ic , Add

Barium

ion (more than two elements)?

yes

written first?

2 -

0.000 001

micro

Perchlorate

ClO

Tetraborate

the word acid.

Calcium

MOL

2 -

nano

Periodate

T hiosulfate

0.000 000 001

Sodium

2 -

0.000 000 000 001

pico

Permanganate

MnO

Tungstate

MOL

Magnesium

Name the first element, then the polyatomic

0.000 000 000 000 001

femto

Perrhenate

ReO

Aluminum

ion. If two elements are present, name both,

n o

0.000 000 000 000 000 001

atto

Thiocyanate

SCN

Name the

Manganese

Down=Right

then the polyatomic ion.

yes

Vanadate

polyatomic ion,

Zinc

replacing – i te with

Chromium

- ous , Add the word

SOLUBILITY RULES

COMMON EQUATIONS IN CHEMISTRY

Iron

Are both elements

Name the polyatomic first, then name the

acid.

Cadmium

nonmetals?

element second. If there are two polyatomics,

A substance is considered to be solub le if more than 3 grams of a

Cobalt

substance dissolve in 100mL of water. The more common rules are

name the first, then the second

yes

Nickel

p H = - l o g ( [ H

] )

D =

n o

listed below.

Tin

Name the second element

1. All common salts of Group 1 elements and ammonium ion

Lead

A c t u a l − M e a s u r e d

Drop the last syllable.

are soluble.

Name the first element,

Are both elements

Hydrogen

W = % I 1 × m 1 + % I 2 × m 2

% E r r o r =

⋅ 1 0 0

2. All common acetates and nitrates are soluble.

Add the suffix -ic

then the second element

the same ?

Antimony

3. All binary compounds of Group 17 elements (other than F)

A c t u a l

with – ide ending.

Add the prefix hydro-

yes

Bismuth

C 1 × V 1 = C 2 × V 2

n o

with metals are soluble except those of silver, mercury(I),

Add the word acid.

Arsenic

M o l e s o f s o l u t e

and lead.

Copper

M o l a r i t y =

4. All sulfates are soluble except tho se of barium, strontium,

⋅ [ D ]

[ C ]

Name the first element using the proper prefix (di, tri,

It is a diatomic element.

Mercury

L i t e r s o f s o l u t i o n

lead, calcium, silver, and mercury(I).

etc.), but never mono. Name the second element with the

The compound has the same

K e q =

Silver

5. Except for those in Rule 1, carbonates, hydroxides, oxides,

proper prefix (including mono) and the – ide ending.

name as the element

Platinum

⋅ [ B ]

[ A ]

sulfides, and phosphates are insoluble .

Gold

The Periodic Table Of Elements Page 2

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