Job Hazard Analysis Page 14
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32This material is for training use only
4. Vibration and Noise. Tools, equipment, and machinery that vibrate at a low
frequency can injure a part of the body or the whole body. However, the most common
sound-induced injury is due to high frequency vibration. Low frequency vibration
hazards exist in two primary categories:
1. Segmental Vibration. Exposure to equipment that vibrates at various frequencies
can affect different parts of the body. For instance, the hands are most sensitive to
vibrations at 30-40 cycles per second. Internal organs can be affected by vibrations as
low as 4-10 cycles per second.
2. Whole-Body Vibration. Very low frequencies can affect the entire body. For
instance, truck drivers experience continuous whole-body vibration as they travel.
That's one reason truck driving is considered one of the most hazardous tasks for
lower back injuries.
Examples: _________________________________________________________
5. Toxics. Virtually all materials may be toxic to some extent. In the workplace, a
material is toxic if a small quantity can cause an injurious effect, such as tissue damage,
cancer, mutations. It's important to consider the routes of entry of toxic materials into
the human body. There are four possible routes of entry:
1. Inhalation. Breathing in toxics is the most common and dangerous route.
2. Ingestion. Toxics enter through the gastrointestinal tract.
3. Absorption. Toxics pass through skin into the bloodstream.
4. Injection. Toxics may be injected into the body by (needles, etc). Injection is the
least common, yet most direct route of entry.
Examples: _________________________________________________________
Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
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