The One Page Linux Manual (Page 2 of 2) in pdf

/sbin/e2fsck hda5

Execute the filesystem check utility

File permissions

on partition hda5

fdformat /dev/fd0H1440

Format the floppy disk in device fd0

Backup the contents of the current

tar

cMf /dev/fd0

directory and subdirectories to

multiple floppy disks

tail -f /var/log/messages

Display the last 10 lines of the system

log.

cat /var/log/dmesg

Display the file containing the boot

time messages - useful for locating

problems. Alternatively, use the

dmesg command.

wildcard - represents everything. eg.

cp from/* to will copy all files in the

from directory to the to directory

Single character wildcard. eg.

cp config.? /configs will copy all files

beginning with the name config. in

If the command ls -l is given, a long list of file names is

the current directory to the directory

displayed. The first column in this list details the permissions

named configs.

applying to the file. If a permission is missing for a owner,

[xyz]

Choice of character wildcards. eg.

group of other, it is represented by - eg. drwxr-x—x

ls [xyz]* will list all files in the current

Read = 4

File permissions are altered by giving the

directory starting with the letter x, y,

chmod command and the appropriate

or z.

Write = 2

octal code for each user type. eg

linux single

At the lilo prompt, start in single user

Execute = 1

chmod 7 6 4 filename will make the file

mode. This is useful if you have

called filename R+W+X for the owner,

forgotten your password. Boot in

R+W for the group and R for others.

single user mode, then run the

passwd command.

chmod 7 5 5

Full permission for the owner, read and

execute access for the group and others.

List current processes

chmod +x filename

Make the file called filename executable

kill 123

Kill a specific process eg. kill 123

to all users.

Configuration files and what they do

X Shortcuts

(mainly for Redhat)

/etc/profile

System wide environment variables for

Increase or decrease the screen

Control|Alt + or

all users.

resolution. eg. from 640x480 to

/etc/fstab

List of devices and their associated mount

800x600

points. Edit this file to add cdroms, DOS

Alt | escape

Display list of active windows

partitions and floppy drives at startup.

Shift|Control F8

Resize the selected window

/etc/motd

Message of the day broadcast to all users

Right click on desktop

Display menu

at login.

background

etc/rc.d/rc.local

Bash script that is executed at the end of

Shift|Control Altr

Refresh the screen

DOS.

Shift|Control Altx

Start an xterm session

/etc/HOSTNAME

Conatins full hostname including domain.

/etc/cron.*

There are 4 directories that automatically

Printing

execute all scripts within the directory at

intervals of hour, day, week or month.

/etc/rc.d/init.d/lpd start

Start the print daemon

/etc/hosts

A list of all know host names and IP

/etc/rc.d/init.d/lpd stop

Stop the print daemon

addresses on the machine.

/etc/rc.d/init.d/lpd

Display status of the print daemon

/etc/httpd/conf

Paramters for the Apache web server

status

/etc/inittab

Specifies the run level that the machine

lpq

Display jobs in print queue

should boot into.

lprm

Remove jobs from queue

/etc/resolv.conf

Defines IP addresses of DNS servers.

lpr

Print a file

/etc/smb.conf

Config file for the SAMBA server. Allows

file and print sharing with Microsoft

lpc

Printer control tool

clients.

man subject | lpr

Print the manual page called subject

~/.Xdefaults

as plain text

Define configuration for some X

applications. ~ refers to user’s home

Print the manual page called subject

man

t subject | lpr

directory.

as Postscript output

/etc/X11/XF86Confi

printtool

Start X printer setup interface

Config file for X

Windows.

~/.xinitrc

Defines the windows manager loaded by

X. ~ refers to user’s home directory.

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