Section B: Use the Flipnob family!
All living things have pedigrees. A pedigree is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance (phenotype)
of a particular genetic trait, as it is passed from one generation to the next in a given family. From this
information, along with an understanding of inheritance, genotypes of individuals can often be determined.
Part 1: How to make a Pedigree Chart.
Symbols:
1. Boxes represent males.
2. Circles represent females. O
Note: Filled in squares and circles indicate particular traits expressed in those individuals
Relationships:
3. A horizontal line connecting a male and female indicates a mating.
a. A vertical line from this type of horizontal line indicates offspring.
b. If there are several offspring, indicate this by a second horizontal line with a
vertical line extending from it for each offspring.
1
2
c. Number form oldest to youngest
4. Twins are indicated as shown below.
I.
1
2
II.
1
2
3
Space the offspring at equal distances along this second horizontal line for neatness.
Where two families intermarry, the corresponding generations should always be in line with each other.