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People, events, terms

Chapter 20 Girding For War: The North and the South

Introduction and The Menace of Secession pages 434-435

Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address

Lincoln was firm yet conciliatory – there would be no separation unless the South

secession

provoked it because “physically speaking, we cannot separate.”

Geographically, there was no way for the North and South to separate because the

Mississippi and the Appalachians ran North –South, not East West.

Uncontested secession would create new problems



How to divide the national debt.



How to divide federal territories in the west



Underground Railroad would increase its activities and only have to get

runaways across Ohio River instead of to Canada

Monroe Doctrine

European nations would be divided with a split and would pit the 2 nations against

each other in a bid to gain more power and influence in America and would begin to

openly defy the Monroe Doctrine.

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People, events, terms

Chapter 20 Girding For War: The North and the South

South Carolina Assails Fort Sumter pages 435-436

Fort Sumter

Seceding southern states seized U.S. arsenals, mints, and other federal property

within their borders. Only two significant forts still flew the U.S. flag, the most

important of which was Fort Sumter – defended by less than 100 U.S. troops.

Lincoln knew Fort Sumter would fall to the Confederates unless he sent

reinforcements but if he sent them, the Confederates would fight back because they

could not have a U.S. fort blocking entrance to one of their key harbors - Charleston

Lincoln took a middle approach and notified South Carolina that he was sending

provisions to the fort but not reinforcements but the South did not see the difference.

Battle of Fort Sumter

April 12, 1861 – U.S. force start on its way to Fort Sumter, the South Carolinian forces

open fired on the fort and after a 34-hour bombardment, the fort surrenders – no

casualties.

The shelling of the fort electrified the North to fight for the preservation of the Union

now that the South had attacked U.S. forces.

The fort was lost but the Union was saved as Lincoln had turned a tactical defeat into

a calculated victory because since the South had fired first, he could now call for

volunteers to join the U.S. military.

The South reacted to this call for troops like the North had reacted to the attack on

Fort Sumter. Lincoln was now waging an “aggressive” war against the South and

Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina voted to secede. Richmond, VA

replaced Montgomery, AL as the capitol of the Confederacy.

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