Analysis Flow Charts - No Brain Too Small

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 No Brain Too Small  CHEMISTRY 
AS 91162: Carry out procedures to identify ions present in solution
+
3+
2+
2+
2+
3+
2+
2+
+
2+
Testing for cations flow chart: Ag
, Al
, Ba
, Cu
, Fe
, Fe
, Mg
, Pb
, Na
, Zn
no precipitate:
+
Na
green
2+
precipitate: Fe
dark red
2+
-
(aq)  Fe(OH)
Fe
(aq) + 2OH
(s)
2
3+
solution: Fe
new sample
orange
3+
-
2+
(aq)  FeSCN
Fe
(aq) + SCN
(aq)
add 2 drops
precipitate
KSCN solution
blue precipitate;
3+
-
(aq)  Fe(OH)
Fe
(aq) + 3OH
(s)
Add 2 drops
3
deep blue
NaOH solution
solution in
blue precipitate
new sample
2+
excess: Cu
add 2 drops
2+
-
(aq)  Cu(OH)
Cu
(aq) + 2OH
(s)
2
NH
, then
3
2+
-
(aq)  Cu(OH)
Cu
(aq) + 2OH
(s)
2
excess NH
2+
2+
3
(aq) [Cu(NH
Cu
(aq) + 4NH
)
]
(aq)
brown precipitate
3
3
4
solution
brown
+
-
(aq)  Ag
2Ag
(aq) + 2OH
O(s) + H
O(l)
2
2
precipitate;
dissolves in
2+
-
(aq)  Mg(OH)
Mg
(aq) + 2OH
(s)
2
+
white precipitate
excess: Ag
2+
-
(aq)  Ba(OH)
Ba
(aq) + 2OH
(s)
2
2+
-
(aq)  Zn(OH)
+
-
Zn
(aq) + 2OH
(s)
(aq)  Ag
2Ag
(aq) + 2OH
O(s) + H
O(l)
2
2
2
2+
-
(aq)  Pb(OH)
Pb
(aq) + 2OH
(s)
+
+
(aq) [Ag(NH
Ag
(aq) + 2NH
)
]
(aq)
2
3
3
2
3+
-
(aq)  Al(OH)
Al
(aq) + 3OH
(s)
3
new sample
precipitate
add excess
add dilute
remains in
NaOH solution
H
SO
solution
excess
2
4
2+
-
2-
(aq)  [Zn(OH)
Zn
(aq) + 4OH
]
(aq)
4
White precipitate
colourless
white precipitate:
2+
-
2-
(aq)  [Pb(OH)
Pb
(aq) + 4OH
]
(aq)
dissolves
4
2+
2+
solution: Mg
Ba
3+
-
-
(aq)  [Al(OH)
Al
(aq) + 4OH
]
(aq)
4
2+
2-
(aq)  BaSO
Ba
(aq) + SO
(s)
4
4
new sample
white precipitate
add 2 drops
which dissolves
NH
, then
2+
in excess: Zn
3
excess, NH
3
2+
-
(aq)  Zn(OH)
Zn
(aq) + 2OH
(s)
solution
2
white
2+
2+
(aq) [Zn(NH
Zn
(aq) + 4NH
)
]
(aq)
2+
3
3
4
precipitate: Pb
2+
2-
(aq)  PbSO
Pb
(aq) + SO
(s)
new sample
2+
-
(aq)  Pb(OH)
White
Pb
(aq) + 2OH
(s)
4
4
2
3+
-
(aq)  Al(OH)
add dilute
Al
(aq) + 3OH
(s)
precipitate
3
H
SO
solution
colourless
forms which
2
4
3+
remains in
solution: Al
excess

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