Ecology Pretest - Geography Worksheets (Page 3 of 4) in pdf

64. Many marine organisms use estuaries as what type of grounds?

65. Coral reefs that form just off the shore of the land at ﬁrst are called what?

66. What are coral reefs made up of?

67. What is two ways that organisms of the intertidal zone withstand the constant pounding of waves?

68. Humans use estuaries for what type activities? And give three examples.

69. What do coral reefs protect the shorelines from?

70. Because intertidal zones are occur where water meets land they are often surrounded by what two

types of wetlands?

71. (T/F) All layers of coral reefs are alive.

72. Over time as reefs become separated from the shore by channels they become known as what type

reefs?

73. Estuaries act as important buffering zones by doing what three major things?

74. What are three characteristics coral reefs have that are compared to those of the rain forest?

75. What are ﬂat, muddy wetlands that often surround estuaries, bays and lagoon?

76. Why are species living in the mangrove swamps becoming endangered?

77. Why are coral reefs also extremely important to the human population living nearby?

78. What type water is usually found in estuaries?

79. What is the largest barrier island in the world?

80. What effects the way coral reefs form over time?

81. Which salt marshes account for 40% of the coastal wetlands of the United States?

82. What are three reasons that mangrove swamps have been destroyed?

83. What type of coastal wetlands only occur in warm climates?

84. What are four factors that affect the salinity of estuary waters?

85. What are three major factors that contribute to neritic zone productivity? Explain why for each.

86. The mud ﬂats of tidal salt marshes are exposed during what two times?

87. Why do mangrove swamps only exist in areas that do not freeze for more than one or two days each

year?

88. What is the process called where the weight of accumulated sediments causes the delta to sink under

the water?

89. What is the dominant plant life in the mangrove swamps?

90. The mud ﬂats of tidal salt marshes are submerged during what two times?

91. Salt marshes are a common form of wetland along the coast of the U.S. especially in what two areas?

92. One of the most important functions of the salt marshes is their role of supporting what species

population?

93. What are two ways that the above species use the salt marshes?

Ecology Pretest - Geography Worksheets Page 3