All-State Band And Orchestra Terminology Sheet (Page 2 of 2) in pdf

89. staccato – detached

~~~KEY SIGNATURES~~~

90. stringendo ( string. ) – growing faster

91. subito ( sub. ) – suddenly, at once

C Major – no sharps or flats

92. tacet – be silent

a minor – no sharps or flats

93. tempo – rate of speed

… grave – solemn and very, very slow

Flat Keys

… largo – very slow

Majors

minors

… adagio, lento, larghetto – slow

… andante – moderately slow

1 – F

1 - D

… andantino – slightly faster that andante



… moderato – moderate, neither fast nor slow

2 – Bb

2 - G

… allegretto – moderately fast



… allegro – fast and lively

3 – Eb

3 - C

… vivo, vivace – very fast and intense

… presto – the fastest conventional tempo

4 – Ab

4 - F

… prestissimo – as fast as possible

94. tenuto ( ten. ) – held, sustained for full value

5 – Db

5 - Bb

95. timbre – tone color

96. tranquillo – quiet, peaceful

6 – Gb

6 - Eb

97. trill ( tr. ) – a rapid alteration between the written note

and the diatonic second above it

7 – Cb

7 – Ab

98. troppo – too much

99. tutti – all, with all performers

100. un, una, uno – one

101. unison – together on the same part or in octaves

Sharp Keys

Majors

Minors

~~~SCALES~~~

1 – G

1 - e

Major Scales are diatonic scales with half-steps between

3 -4 and 7 – 8.

2 – D

2 - b

Natural Minor Scales are diatonic scales with half-steps

between 2 -3 and 5 -6

3 – A

3 – f #

Harmonic Minor Scales are natural minor scales with the

scale degree raised a half-step.. This adds a

4 – E

4 – c #

half-step between 7 – 8, and an interval of 1 ½

steps between 6 – 7.

5 – B

5 – g #

Melodic Minor Scales are natural scales where the 6

and 7

scale degrees are raised one half step in the

6 – F #

6 – d #

ascending form creating half steps between

2 – 3 and 7 – 8, These notes are lowered to their

7 – C #

7 – a #

natural state in the descending scale, making it

identical to the natural minor.

Chromatic Scales are scales which proceed by half-step

From the first note to the last note.

~~~BOWING TERMS~~~ * ( for anyone auditioning for All-State Orchestra, winds, percussion and strings )

A. up bow – V – moving tip to frog

staccato volant – linked spiccato notes in the same direction

down bow –  - moving frog to tip

M. ricochet – thrown/rebound stroke usually in groups of 2 or 3

détaché – a primarily connected bow stroke with distinct,

N. flautando – flute-like bowing played near the fingerboard

separate bows

O. col legno – the effect produced by striking the string with the

D. slur – connecting more than one note per bow without

stick

stopping

sul ponticello – an icy, whistling effect produced by purposely

staccato – short, stopped strokes with the bow

playing too close to the bridge

remaining on the string

Q. alto clef – used for viola and trombone to avoid excessive

ledger lines: middle C is the center line 

spiccato –stroke with the bow bouncing off the string

G. portato – slightly enunciate each note within a slur using

tenor clef – used for cello, trombone, bassoon and double bass:



bow weight and speed

middle C is the fourth line from the bottom

H. arco – with the bow

vibrato – slight variation of pitch by left hand motion used

pizzicato – plucked

to add warmth

martelé – hammered; heavily accented staccato

What is the name of this year’s All-State Orchestra Conductor?

K. tremolo – an effect produced by rapidly alternating

U. What are the names of the composers and pieces on this

down and up bows

year’s ASO concert

REVISED 7/09

MU-1

All-State Band And Orchestra Terminology Sheet Page 2

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