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workers, as a result, faced reduced

portation has always had “fairly high

researchers use

data to test

MCFOS

demand. Deregulation allowed for

injury rates relative to manufactur-

theoretical models. “The responsive-

ing, but, in recent years, airline rates

intermodal, rather than just port-

ness of pay to profitability and to

to-port, rates, and it increased the

have risen over time to relatively high

firm size remained as it was before

levels while manufacturing has been

demand for intermodal truckdrivers.

deregulation.” Nevertheless, the au-

Thus, deregulation helped stimulate

steadily declining.” The authors note

thors note an increase in executives’

that increased productivity has come

earnings alongside a “steady slide in

growth in port cities by realizing the

positives of containerization—ef-

at a price of safety, but the findings

drivers’ earnings.” A separate analy-

ficiencies, lower rates, and quality

leave a number of questions. They

sis of low- to mid-level managers’ pay

conclude: “In many ways, the seas of

improvements: “Shipping deregula-

finds no significant change in earn-

tion has not only led to an increase in

deregulation still appear as unchar-

ings resulting from deregulation. The

tered today as they did 25 years ago.”

authors of that study hypothesize

the wages of owner-operators at port

cities, but also to an increase in their

Another study describes how

that managerial quality has increased.

employment at these cities.”

technologies

helped

redistribute

Though the data also suggest the im-

employment opportunities among

This collection demonstrates that

provement of some quality measures,

capturing the effect of deregulation

occupations and among industries.

such as education and experience,

This change has implications for

on airline transportation is a much

this reviewer was left asking, what

different challenge than capturing its

productivity measurement. Look-

about other measures, such as em-

ing at occupational employment, the

ployee turnover or staff sentiment?

effect on the trucking or maritime

industries; logistics, management

author notes a decline in truckdrivers

In the final study of this volume,

structures, technologies, productivity

employed by manufacturing and re-

the editors examine truckdriver earn-

tail trade and an increase in air trans-

measurements, and major occupa-

ings and employment in port cities.

tions vary significantly among the

portation and business services (third

To help the reader understand why

party logistics). This shift leads the

transportation industries. Despite

shipping

deregulation

stimulated

this diversity, labor issues, with com-

author to suggest, “It may be more

container cargo growth at port cities,

appropriate to consider productivity

Peoples and Talley provide a concise

pensation and working conditions

first and foremost, have provided the

in transportation not in industry-

history of modern cargo transport. In

common fuel for the deregulation

specific terms but in the context of

1955, with the creation of SeaLand

supply chain performance.”

debate.

came the first international voyage

Did deregulation create a stron-

of a container ship: “Containeriza-

ger link between compensation and

—Bruce Bergman

tion radically altered cargo handling

New York Office

firm performance? In an analysis of

tasks as capital was substituted for

Bureau of Labor Statistics

the earnings of trucking executives,

labor,” explain the editors. Dock

46 Monthly Labor Review • August 2008

Monthly Labor Review - The Deregulation Transformation - Bureau Of Labor Statistics - 2008 Page 2

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