Lic Aao Exam Template With Answers Page 17
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25LIC AAO Model Paper 2
has rendered their catalytic converters incapable of
absorbing pollutants.
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Improved air quality, especially in big urban centres,
Directions (Q. 121-130): In the following questions a
depends on several factors in an era of fast motorisation.
passage is given followed by some questions. You have
A bloated population of vehicles using fossil fuels has
to read the passage carefully and answer the questions
affected travel speeds, worsening pollution levels. Poor
given below them. Some words are given in bold so that
civic governance has left roads unpaved and public spaces
you can locate them easily while answering some of the
filled with debris and construction dust, constantly re-
questions.
circulating particulate matter in air. Moreover, the
The Centre’s decision to adopt Bharat Stage VI
monitoring of diesel passenger and commercial vehicles
automotive fuels nationwide by April 1, 2020 is a key
– the biggest contributors to total emissions – for
measure that can, if implemented properly, vastly
compliance with emissions regulations remains poor.
improve air quality. Rolling out the BS VI standard
Such a record does not inspire confidence that retrofitting
nationally, skipping BS V, has significant cost
of old vehicles to use higher quality fuels such as BS VI
implications for fuel producers and the automobile
can be achieved smoothly. Equally, the distortions in
industry, but its positive impact on public health would
urban development policy that facilitate the use of
more than compensate for the investment. Major
personal motorised vehicles rather than expanding good
pollutants such as fine particulate matter, sulphur dioxide,
public transport, walking and cycling, are glaring. Many
nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide emitted by millions
of these issues were underscored by the Saumitra
of vehicles on India’s roads are severely affecting the
Chaudhuri Committee on Auto Fuel Vision and Policy
health of people, particularly children whose lungs are
2025 in its report submitted in 2014. The panel also
immature and hence more vulnerable. Thousands of
recommended appropriate levies to fund the transition to
premature deaths and rising rates of asthma episodes
cleaner, low sulphur fuels. A study by the Indian Institute
highlight the urgent need to make a radical and complete
of Technology, Delhi on fuel policy and air quality in the
shift to modern fuels and vehicle technologies. Past
same year concluded that the best results would be
national policy of implementation of the BS IV fuel
achieved by raising the fuel standard and introducing
standard failed primarily because this was not done all
policy initiatives that would influence passenger
over the country and the technical standard also permitted
behaviour and cut personal travel distance by 25 per cent.
a higher level of sulphur in the fuel. Higher sulphur results
The government has done well to advance the deadline for
in high volumes of fine irrespirable particulates
cleaner fuels by three years. It must show the
measuring 2.5 micrometres (PM2.5) being generated in
same diligence in making other policy changes in
emissions. Since even this obsolete standard was not
partnership with State governments to clean up the air.
followed
uniformly,
many
vehicles,
especially
commercial passenger and freight carriers, have been
Page 17
using lower standard fuel supplied outside big cities. This
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