Naming Chemical Compounds Worksheet With Answer Key - Germanna Community College Page 2
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2
3
4
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9oxyanion that has the same charge, but one less oxygen atom.
Examples: SO
2-
= sulfate; SO
2-
= sulfite (same charge, but one less
4
3
oxygen)
iii. The suffixes per- and hypo- are added to the names of oxyanions to
show the addition or subtraction of additional oxygen atoms. Per-
indicates the addition of one oxygen to the -ate form. Hypo- indicates
the subtraction of one oxygen from the –ite form. Thus –ate is the
most common form, per-_-ate has one extra oxygen, -ite has one less
oxygen, and hypo-_-ite has two less oxygen. Example:
-
ClO
= perchlorate (one more oxygen than regular form)
4
-
ClO
= chlorate (regular form)
3
ClO
-
= chlorite (one less oxygen than regular form)
2
ClO
-
= hypochlorite (two less oxygen than regular form)
iv. Anions formed by adding H+ to an oxyanion have the word
“hydrogen” in front of their names (or “dihydrogen,” if two
hydrogens are present.) Examples: CO
2-
= carbonate ion; HCO
-
=
3
3
hydrogen carbonate ion (notice that the addition of hydrogen lessens
3-
-
the negative charge by one). PO
= phosphate ion; H
PO
=
4
2
4
dihydrogen phosphate.
3. Name the compound.
i. To name the compound, simply put the names of the ions together.
The name of an ionic compound is always the cation name followed
by the anion name. Examples: CaCl
= calcium chloride; Al(NO
)
=
2
3
3
aluminum nitrate
ii. If you are dealing with a transition metal, don’t forget to specify its
charge.
iii. If you are dealing with an oxyanion, be sure you have the right name
for the form you are using. Example: Cu(ClO
)
= copper (II)
4
2
perchlorate
iv. If you are having trouble determining the charge on an ion, look at
the subscript on the opposite ion. In the above example, we know
that the charge on the copper ion is +2 because the subscript on the
opposite ion, the perchlorate, is 2, and copper is a metal, so it always
has a positive charge. The charge on the perchlorate is -1 because the
subscript on the copper is 1 (subscripts of 1 are not written in
formulas- thus, because the copper has no written subscript, we
know that it is 1), and perchlorate is an anion, so it always has a
negative charge.
v. You can use this same method to determine the correct subscript
when you are writing a chemical formula based on a name. Example:
write the formula for magnesium bromide. This is a compound
2+
-
containing magnesium and bromine ions- Mg
, and Br
. To
determine what subscripts, if any, to use, look at the opposite
charges. The subscript on bromine will be 2, because the charge on
the magnesium is 2. The subscript on magnesium will be one,
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Naming Compounds
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