Naming Chemical Compounds Worksheet With Answer Key - Germanna Community College Page 4
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2
3
4
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8
9ii.
The prefix mono- is never used with the first element. If only
one atom of the first element is present, do not use a prefix.
Examples of binary molecular compounds and their names:
Cl
O= dichlorine monoxide
2
NF
= nitrogen trifluoride
3
N
O
= dinitrogen tetroxide
2
4
P
S
= tetraphosphorus decasulfide.
4
10
Part Three: Naming Acids
Identifying Acids
Acids are hydrogen containing compounds. Acids are easy to recognize- they are composed
of hydrogen and an anion (the hydrogen always comes first), and they have no charge.
Examples: HCl and H
S0
are acids; they are made up of hydrogen and anions, and they do
2
4
-
not have charges. HCO
is NOT an acid; it is made up of hydrogen and an anion, but it has
3
a charge, and so it is a polyatomic ion.
Naming Acids
There are two steps involved in naming acids.
1. Acids based on anions whose names end in
–ide
When an ion ending in -ide becomes an acid, its name changes- its suffix changes
from –ide to –ic, and it gains a prefix, hydro-. Thus, Cl
-
, the chloride ion, becomes HCl,
hydrochloric acid. S
2-
, the sulfide ion, becomes H
S hydrosulfuric acid (we add two
2
hydrogen ions because the sulfide ion has a charge of 2-. We must add enough
hydrogen ions, which have a charge of 1+, to cancel out the charge on the sulfide.
One hydrogen ion would give us HS
-
, which is not an acid as it still has a charge).
–ate
–ite
2. Acids based on anions whose names in
or
When an ion ending in –ate becomes an acid, its suffix changes to –ic, but it does not
gain a prefix. If it already contains the prefix per- (as in perchlorate), it will retain that
prefix, and will be per____ic acid. When an ion ending in ite becomes an acid, its
suffix changes to -ous. If it contains the prefix hypo- (as in hypochlorite), it retains that
prefix, and will be hypo___ous acid. Thus, ClO
-
, the chlorate becomes HClO
, chloric
3
3
acid. Perchlorate (ClO
-
) becomes HClO
, perchloric acid. Chlorite, ClO
-
, becomes
4
4
2
-
HClO
, chlorous acid, while hypochlorite, ClO
, becomes HClO, hypochlorous acid.
2
The naming of acids can be summarized in the following chart:
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4
Naming Compounds
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