Solution To Stat1600 Test #2 Form A Math Worksheet With Answers Page 5

The ratio of heal rates is estimated as

ˆ p

0.609

RR =

= 13.5

ˆ p

0.045

That is, those in the Treatment group are 13.5 times more likely to be healed than

those in the Placebo group.

5. EXTRA CREDIT PROBLEM. (5 points) In the past, numerous epidemiological studies

showed that women who were taking combined Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) also

had a lower-than-average incidence of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), leading doctors to

propose that HRT was protective against CHD. Certainly, the claim was false. List at least

two possible confounders and pick one of them to show the pathway graph that connects the

confounder, HRT, and CHD. (Source: Wikipedia)

There exist possible confounders that could be probable causes to the lower-than-

average incidence of CHD. For instance, higher socio-economic status and better

nutrition. A possible pathway could be

higher socio-economic status =

lower CHD

taking HRT

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